Transcript List at least 5 weaknesses of the Articles of confederation.

Review for Articles of
Confederation to
Constitution
List weaknesses of the
Articles of confederation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Each state had only one vote.
Small Rhode Island had as much power as large Virginia.
Laws required 9 of the 13 states to agree.
No President or executive. No bossman
No Courts
Power over money not given to Congress.
No ability to levy taxes on imports.
Any 1 of the 13 states could ignore a treaty written by the
new govt.
9. States coined their own money
10. National money was worthless
What does the saying “worthless as
a constitutional dollar” mean?
• Each state able to create its own money
and value along w/ the Continental money.
• “not worth a Continental.”
Who was Daniel Shay?
• Farmer
• Veteran of the Revolutionary War
• Suffering in the Depression
What 2 conditions of his time was
Daniel Shay rebelling against?
• Foreclosure of homes by banks/courts in
the depression
• Non-payment of wages to revolutionary
War vets
• Non-representation in congress
What happened during Shay’s
Rebellion?
• leads disgruntled farmers and former vets
in a rebellion against the Massachusetts
Courts.
• Occupy the courthouse for 3 days.
Who put down Shay’s Rebellion?
• Massachusetts Militia
How did Daniel Shay’s rebellion
end?
• Veterans disbanded and government
either pardoned or did not got after the
ringleaders
How did Daniel Shays’
Rebellion led to a call for a
stronger central government?
• People see that the nation is in need of a
stronger government or people like Shay
may take it down
What did the Northwest Ordinance
of 1787 make provision for?
How to control, How to settle, How to govern,
and How to handle Indians in the west of the
Appalachian Mountains territories
What was the main argument used
by the Anti-Federalists against
ratifying the new Constitution?
• There was nothing guaranteeing the rights
of American citizens
What was the advantage of the
Land Ordinance of 1785?
• Continental Congress agreed that all the
new western states would be admitted on
equal terms as the original 13 thereby
stopping what could have been a great
cause of conflict
What amendment of the Bill to the
Bill of Rights confirms the principle
of Federalism?
• 10th Amendment- Powers not delegated to
the United States government are
reserved to the states.
Why did the land west of the
Appalachians give the new
government so many problems?
• Many Pioneers moved out west at the end
of the Revolution and there were no rules
on how to control them, the Indians, the
land .
What Ordinance settled the
western land problems after the
Revolutionary war?
• Land Ordinance of 1785
What is a depression?
• Sharp decline in business activity and
jobs.
How are states added to the union?
By the Northwest Ordinance of 1787
1. Ruled by a governor and 3 judges appointed
by Congress. (Territory Status)
2. Population reached 5,000 free, voting age
males- legislature could be elected and a nonvoting delegate could be sent to Congress.
3. Population reached 60,000 free inhabitants,
people could draft a constitution and apply for
statehood.
List the 2 groups who did not
receive the freedoms guaranteed in
the Declaration of Independence
• Women
• Slaves
What was the states’ argument
against strong central governments
after the Revolution?
• We do not want any strong centralized
government such as the British used to
abuse us.
The Second Continental Congress
was the American government
during what period?
• American revolution
The Virginia Plan favors who? The
New Jersey plan favors who?
• VA favors large
states
• NJ favors small
states
What amendment states that
one must have a search warrant
to search a citizen’s house?
•Fourth
What amendment states that you
have a Right to a jury trial?
th
•7
What amendment states that you
have a Right to keep arms
nd
•2
What amendment states that
you are not required to give
housing to troops?
•3rd
The New Jersey Plan wanted what
kind of Congress?
– One-house legislature.
– Each state would have equal # of
representatives.
– One state- one vote.
The Great Compromise wanted
what kind of Congress?
• Two houses of Congress.
– Senate- each state gets 2 Senators.
– House of Representative- # determined by the
population of the state.
• All “money” bills must come from the House.
3/5th Compromise stated what?
• Slaves would be counted as 3/5th of a
person for both representation and
taxation.
How long does the chief executive
serve?
• Serve for 4 year terms with unlimited
reelection until FDR dies and then it is
changed to only 2- 4 year terms
Once the Constitution had been
written, what had to be done with
it?
• Ratification
What would it take to make the
Constitution, “the supreme law of
the land”?
• 9 states votes
Federalists Favored what?
• A strong central government and
Constitution
Anti-Federalists Opposed what?
• A strong central government and the
Constitution
Name the 4 things wrong with the
Constitution as the Anti-Federalists
saw it.
•
•
No guarantee of
rights
Not enough
freedom for
slaves.
•
•
Surrendering too
much power.
Not enough voter
control.
The Federalist Papers; What are
they?
• Series of brilliant essays defending the
Constitution.
Who wrote the Federalist Papers?
• Written by
Alexander Hamilton
James Madison
John Jay
What is the Separation of powers?
•
Each branch of government is
separated by function
What are checks and balances?
• Each branch of government is given
certain powers that can restrain or
“place a check” on another branch of
government to create a balance.
List and describe the function of
the 3 branches of government
• Judicial- determines the constitutionality of
Law
• Legislative-makes the laws
• Executive-carries out the laws
Name 3 Delegated powers
• Power to tax.
• Power to regulate commerce.
• Power to raise an army.
Name 3 Reserved powers
• Control over roads, marriages, public education.
Ratification means what?
• Approval
Why was the Bill of Rights added to
the Constitution?
• In order to get the Anti-federalists to ratify
or vote for the Constitution
What is a Constitutional
amendment?
• 2/3rds of both houses of Congress or
2/3rds of the States may propose an
Amendment to the Constitution.
• 3/4ths of the States must ratify the
Amendment.
Name 3 Shared powers
• Taxes
• Police
force
• Courts
What was the role of Alexander
Hamilton in the making of the
Constitution?
• Proposed it, wrote in the Federalist
Papers, argued it brilliantly, was adamant
about his position
What was the role of James
Madison in the making of the
Constitution?
• Father of the Constitution
• Came to the Congressional Congress with
his idea for a Constitution already in place
Who was the Constitution
developed by and where?
• 55 delegates, mainly educated, veterns of
the War and farmers with medium to large
size spreads
• in Philadelphia because the Articles of
Confederation did not work and had led to
Shay’s rebellion
What was the goal of the
Constitutional Convention?
A Republican form of government
– Power rests in the voters who elect
representatives to run the
government.
What is limited government?
• Power does not reside in only one part or
person or branch of a government
• Power is shared among the branches of a
government
How was the issue of slavery
settled at the Constitutional
Convention?
States may continue to import slaves until
1808, but after that, they must decide how
to handle the issue.
What is the protector of citizen’s
rights in America?
• The Bill of Rights
Why is the American Constitution
one of the most enduring
documents in the Western World?
• Its flexibility due to the ability to add
amendments
How long is the term that senators
serve?
• 6 year terms
How many justices serve on the
Supreme Court?
• 9
This man said that slavery was,
“as repugnant to humanity as it
is inconsistent with the Bible and
destructive of liberty.”
• Patrick Henry
Qualifications for President
• No person except a natural born citizen, or
a citizen of the United States, at the time
of the adoption of this Constitution, shall
be eligible to the office of President;
neither shall any person be eligible to that
office who shall not have attained to the
age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen
years a resident within the United States
Qualifications for Senator
• 1) each senator must be at least 30 years
old, 2) must have been a citizen of the
United States for at least the past nine
years, and 3) must be (at the time of the
election) an inhabitant of the state he or
she seeks to represent
Speaker of the House
• The Speaker of the United States House
of Representatives presides over the lower
house of Congress, the House of
Representatives
• House may choose its own Speaker
US Federal judge serves how
long?
• A federal supreme court judge can hold
office from the day he becomes elected
until the day he dies. Of course he can
take a leave
Ex post facto
• retroactive law- is a law that retroactively
changes the legal consequences (or
status) of actions committed or
relationships that existed prior to the
enactment of the law. In reference to
criminal law, it may criminalize actions that
were legal when committed
• Not legal in America as it goes against the
rule of law
Citizenship- law made by Congress
• Live in the U.S. for at least 5 years
legally (or 3 years if married to
and living with a U.S. citizen).
• Be present in the U.S. for at least 30
months out of the past 5 years (or
18 months out of the past 3 years if married to
and living with a U.S. citizen).
• Live within a state or district for at
least 3 months before you apply.
Who prints money?
• The Federal Reserve
• The Federal Reserve System, even
though it sounds like a government
agency (Federal), is a privately owned
corporation
• It controls the US Bureau of Engraving
and Printing
habeas corpus
• a writ, or legal action, through which a
person can seek relief from unlawful
detention, or the relief of another person.
The writ of habeas corpus protects
persons from harming themselves, or from
being harmed by the judicial system.
THE END