Transcript Theodore Roosevelt - Madison County Schools

10/27/18581/6/1919
From: New York
*1901-1909*
Republican
Vice president:
Charles W. Fairbanks
PP: Square Deal
Theodore Roosevelt
T. Roosevelt
DOMESTIC POLICIES
PROGRESSIVISM
THE SQUARE DEAL
POLITICAL
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
(2) THE SQUARE DEAL
1. TR was inspired by the progressive movement
2. Called for a “Square Deal” (like a square meal
in the military- just the basics) for capital,
labor, and the public
3. Program embraced the three C’s
i. Control of Corporations
ii. Consumer Protection
iii. Conservation of Natural
Resources
Political/Social Components of
the Square Deal
(6) Coal Strike of 1902
i. Strike in the coal mines of
Pennsylvania
ii. Workers demanded improvements in pay
and reduction in working hours
iii. Mine owners refused to negotiate
iv. Coal supplies dwindled: forced factories,
hospitals, and schools to shut down
v. TR brought representatives
of each group to the White
House
vi. TR threatened to seize the mines and
operate them by federal troops if they could
not come to an agreement
viii. Owners consented to
ARBITRATION (a disagreement between two or more
parties is resolved by impartial individuals)
(10) Trust-Busting
2. Department of Commerce & Labor
i. Created in 1903
ii. Organization which was
authorized to look into business
operations – started the path to
“trust-busting”
Trust-busting under Teddy R.
•
•
•
•
Roosevelt’s philosophy concerning trusts
(monopolies) – TR thought there were good
trusts and bad trusts
Good trusts looked out for the public while
bad trusts were greedy for power
Over 40 legal proceedings were
brought to the US Supreme court against
monopolies under TR
TR’s real purpose behind trust-busting? To
prove that the government, NOT BIG
BUSINESS, ruled the country.
Roosevelt struggles with the
railroad trusts
Northern Securities Company– a railroad
company organized under J.P. Morgan and
James J. Hill
•
Roosevelt sued them- TR brought a lawsuit
against the company on the charges that it
held a monopoly of the RRs in the Northwest
•
In 1904 the Supreme Court upheld the
antitrust suit- agreeing with Roosevelt
Railroad Regulation Begins
(7) Elkins Act
It strengthened the Interstate Commerce
Act of 1887 by imposing heavy fines on
railroads offering rebates and on the
shippers accepting them. The law was
sponsored by Roosevelt as a part of his
"Square Deal", and greatly boosted his
popularity. This law also caused nearly all
railroads to become defunct for a
short period of time.
(15) . Hepburn Act of 1906
a. strengthened the Interstate
Commerce Commission by
allowing the ICC to truly regulate
existing rates of railroads (The
ICC received much more power
to punish
violators!)
(4) J.P Morgan/ US Steel (1901)
Morgan began talks with Charles M.
Schwab, president of Carnegie Co., and
businessman Andrew Carnegie in 1900
with the intention of buying Carnegie's
business and several other steel and
iron businesses to consolidate them to
create the United States Steel
Corporation. Carnegie agreed to sell
the business to Morgan for
$480 million. The deal was closed
without lawyers and without a written
contract. News of the industrial
consolidation arrived to newspapers in
mid-January 1901. U.S.
Steel
was founded later that
year and was the first
billion-dollar company in
the world worth $1.4 billion.
• After two unsuccessful attempts to
establish a company to manufacture
automobiles, the
Ford Motor
Company was incorporated
in 1903 with Henry Ford as
vice-president and chief
engineer. The infant company
produced only a few cars a day at the
Ford factory on Mack Avenue in
Detroit. Groups of two or three men
worked on each car from components
made to order by other companies.
(8)
Henry Ford
Ford Motor
Company
Conservation Components of the
Square Deal
(5) 1902 Newlands Reclamation Act
Washington was authorized to collect
money from the sale of public
lands in the West and use the
funds for the development of
irrigation projects; to improve other land
ii. This legislation allowed for dozens of dams
to be built across the West
iii. TR inspired many Americans to focus
on the nation’s natural resources – in
1902 he banned Christmas trees from the
White House
iv. Literature which focused on nature such as
Call of the Wild by Jack London (1903)
became very popular in the cities
(21) National Conservation
Commission
• It compiled an inventory of U.S. natural
resources and presents Gifford Pinchot's
concepts of resource management as a
comprehensive policy recommendation in a
three-volume report submitted to Congress at
the beginning of 1909. Roosevelt and Pinchot
wanted the Commission to continue, but
Congress refused further funding.
(12) San Francisco
Earthquake
The California earthquake
of April 18, 1906 ranks as
one of the most
significant
earthquakes of all
time.
Today, its importance
comes more from the
wealth of scientific
knowledge derived
from it than from its sheer
size.
The maelstrom destroyed 490 city blocks, a total of 25,000 buildings, made over 250,000
homeless and killed between 450 and 700. Damage estimates topped $350,000,000.
(17) Oklahoma
• Oklahoma Territory
was an organized
territory of the United
States from May 2,
1890 until November
16, 1907, when
Oklahoma became the
46th state. It consisted
of the western area of
what is now the State
of Oklahoma. The
eastern area consisted
of the last remnant of
Indian Territory.