Transcript AHON Chapter 21 Section 3 Lecture Notes

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
World War I From 1917 to Armistice
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Understand the setbacks that the Allies faced in
1917 and 1918.
• Discover how American forces contributed to
the Allied victory.
• Explain the agreement that ended the fighting.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• convoy – a large group of merchant vessels
sailing together
• John J. Pershing– commander of the
American Expeditionary Force
• Vladimir Lenin– Bolshevik leader who seized
control of Russia’s government in 1917
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• communism – an economic and political
system based on the idea that social classes
and the right to private property should be
eliminated
• armistice – a halt in fighting that allows peace
talks to begin
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the arrival of American troops
in Europe affect the course of the
war?
After Congress declared war, it took over a
year for the United States to engage in major
battles.
American soldiers quickly helped bring about
an overwhelming Allied victory.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1917, U.S. forces prepared to go
overseas. The U.S. Army chose John J.
Pershing to lead American troops in Europe.
He wanted American troops
to fight in separate units
under U.S. command.
This would show the world
that the United States
could stand on its own.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Meanwhile, German submarines attacked ships bringing
supplies from the United States to the Allies.
More than 11 million
tons of Allied
shipments were
destroyed and nearly
14,000 people were
killed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Allied naval leaders had destroyers sail in
convoys with supply ships for protection.
Allied ship losses fell dramatically.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
U.S. troops joined the Allies in June 1917,
but the Allies continued to face setbacks.
The Italians
were defeated
by the Central
Powers at
Caporetto.
Russia
withdrew from
the war and
made peace
with Germany.
In March
1918,
Germany
broke through
the Allied
lines.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
On November 7, 1917, a radical group called
the Bolsheviks seized control of Russia.
The new leader, Vladimir Lenin, embraced the
ideas of communism.
Social classes and
private property
should be
eliminated.
Workers should
unite to overthrow
the ruling class.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Losing Russia was a huge setback for the
Allies.
Lenin pulled Russia out of the war and made
peace with Germany.
It transferred a great deal of territory to Germany.
Germany moved many troops out of its new
territory and moved them to the Western Front.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In March 1918, Germany began a series of attacks
called the “peace offensive.” In June, the Germans broke
through Allied lines in Belgium and France.
Pershing pledged that U.S. troops would now fight under
French command.
U.S. troops
arrived to
reinforce the
Allies.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In the summer of 1918, U.S. troops helped turn
the tide for the Allies.
In July, the Allies won
several battles in
France.
The Allies began an
offensive.
By November, they
were advancing on
Germany.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Germany’s leaders realized that their cause was
lost. They decided to seek an armistice.
France and
Britain wanted to
impose a harsh
settlement.
President Wilson
proposed a peace
plan based on
international
cooperation.
France and Britain dictated the terms of the
armistice.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The terms of the armistice were harsh.
Germany was forced to:
Cancel its
peace treaty
with Russia
Pull back its
troops from the
Western Front
Hand over
all of its
U-boats
President Wilson also demanded that Germany’s
leader, Kaiser Wilhelm II, step down.
The Kaiser fled, and Germany became a republic.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The armistice took effect at 11 A.M. on
November 11, 1918.
The war had ended. Soldiers could hardly believe it.
Soldiers returned home. Millions had been severely
wounded.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
World War I was the most destructive war the
world had ever seen.
It cost the lives of
10 million military
personnel.
Some historians
believe just as
many civilians died.