Transcript View Article - Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, PA

Is It Federal or Is It Not?
The Purview of Federal Jurisdiction
Orlando, Florida
www.lowndes-law.com
By: Richard S. Dellinger, Esq.,
Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, P.A.
© 2011 Lowndes, Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed, P.A. All Rights Reserved
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Constitutional History
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Pre-European America
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Pre-Colonial America
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British
Colonies
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Timeline
• 1764-1774 Stamp Act, Quartering Act,
Intolerable Acts
• July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence
• March 1, 1781 Articles of Confederation
• Sept. 3, 1783 End Revolutionary War
• 1787 Constitutional Convention
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Federalist v. Anti-Federalist
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Federalists
• Advocated for a strong central government
• Federalist Papers - Anonymous Op-Eds
• James Madison, Alexander Hamilton,
John Jay
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Anti-Federalists
• Advocated for state’s powers and
individual rights
• Brutus essays
• Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, George
Mason, James Monroe
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Ratification / Compromise
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Article I, Article II, Article III
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Three Separate Branches
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Representative
Government
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The Supremacy Clause
• This Constitution, and the Laws of the United
States which shall be made in Pursuance
thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be
made, under the Authority of the United States,
shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the
Judges in every State shall be bound thereby,
and Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any
State to the Contrary notwithstanding
» (U.S. Constit. Art. VI)
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Constitutional Impact
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The Federal Court Structure
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Article I, Article II, Article III
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Judicial Power-Article III
• The judicial power of the United States,
shall be vested in one supreme court, and
in such inferior Courts as Congress may
from time to time ordain and establish.
» (U.S. Constit. Art III, Sec. 1)
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Congressional InputArticle II
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
constitute Tribunals inferior to the
Supreme Court. . .
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Article III
Courts
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Executive InputArticle I
• [The President] shall nominate, and by
and with the Advice and Consent of the
Senate, shall appoint. . . Judges of the
supreme Court and all other Officers of the
United States . . .
» (U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 2)
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What is a Federal Case?
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State v. State/ Art. III
• The judicial power shall extend . . . –to
Controversies between two or more States
...
(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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State v. Citizen/ Art. III
• The judicial power shall extend . . . –to
controversies between a State and
Citizens of another State .
(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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Citizen v. Citizen/ Art. III
(Different States)
• The judicial power shall extend . . . –to
Controversies between Citizens of
different States.
(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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Citizen v. Citizen
Congressional Limit
Diversity of
Jurisdiction
• Defendants not resident of
forum state
• More than $75,000 of issue
28 USC 1332
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Admiralty/ Article III
• The judicial power shall extend . . . –to all
Cases of admiralty and maritime
jurisdiction . . .
(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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Arising Under Constitution/
Article III
• The judicial power shall extend to all
Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under
this Constitution, the Laws of the United
States, and Treaties made, or which shall
be made, under their Authority(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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Cases Arising Under The
Constitution (42 U.S.C. 1983)
• Claim of violation of First Amendment right to
free speech (protester cases)
• Claim of violation of Eighth Amendment
prohibition against cruel and unusual
punishment (inmate cases)
• Claim of violation of equal protection rights by
discrimination based on race, sex, religion,
national origin, physical disability and age
(employment cases)
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Employment Cases/
Commerce Clause
• Discrimination claims arise under equal
protection clause of the Constitution
• Federal Laws provide even more
protection:
º Age Discrimination in Employment Act
(ADEA)
º Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
º Civil Rights Acts
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Arising Under Laws/
Article III
• The judicial power shall extend to all
Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under
this Constitution, the Laws of the United
States, and Treaties made, or which shall
be made, under their Authority(U.S. Const. Art. III, Sec. 2)
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Constitution Authorizes Laws
that Congress May Pass
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Immigration/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization .
.
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Bankruptcy/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
establish . . Uniform Laws on the subject
of Bankruptcies throughout the United
States
• Title 11 US Code, Chapters 7, 11, 13
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Patent, Trademark,
Copyright/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To Promote
the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by
securing for limited Times to Authors and
Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective
Writings and Discoveries. . .
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Admiralty/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
define and punish Piracies and Felonies
committed on the high Seas, and Offenses
against the Law of Nations. . .
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Counterfeiting/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
coin Money, regulate the Value thereof,
and of foreign coin . . .
•
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Tax Evasion/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power To lay and
collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to
pay the Debts and provide for the common
Defence and general Welfare of the United
States. . .
•
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Commerce Clause/ Art. I
• The Congress shall have power . . . To
regulate commerce with foreign nations,
and among the several states, and with
the Indian tribes.
(U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8)
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Necessary and Proper Clause
• [The Congress shall have Power] . . .to
make all laws which shall be necessary
and proper for carrying into execution of
the foregoing powers, and all other
Powers vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States. . .
» (U.S. Const. Art. I, Sec. 8, para. 18.)
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Commerce/ Necessary
and Proper Exercise
•
•
•
•
•
Ponzi Schemes and Insider Trading
Regulating Controlled Substances
Internet Pornography Distribution
Regulating Weapons’ Sales
Mandating Purchase of Health Care
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Federal Prison Population
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State or Federal?
• Florida vs. Georgia over water rights on
border.
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State of Federal?
• Divorce, child custody, and distributing
property.
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State or Federal?
• Immigration and Asylum.
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State or Federal?
• Bankruptcy Liquidation & Reorganization.
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State or Federal?
• Drug Trafficking.
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State or Federal?
• Murder, Rape.
• Murder of a Federal Official.
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State or Federal?
• Title problem with easement dispute.
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State or Federal?
• Bank Robbery.
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State or Federal?
• Non-payment of mortgage & foreclosure.
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State or Federal?
• Employment Wage & Hour dispute.
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State of Federal?
• Employment race or sex discrimination.
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State or Federal?
• iPhone vs. Blackberry technology dispute.
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State or Federal?
• Selling hamburgers with McDonalds
Arches without permission.
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Questions