Transcript APUSH Powerpoint Peopling Theme review

AP Historical Theme:
Peopling (PEO)
Anisa Ciaciura
Period 9
APUSH Review Powerpoint
Define “Peopling”
- Focus on how and why people moved to and
within the U.S.
- Impact of these patterns on American society
and conflicts that arose.
- Values and cultural traditions that American
Indians and migrants each had.
- The theme also illustrates how people
responded when “borders crossed them.”
Immigration: 1620-1783
- The first period deals with the impact of European migration in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries with a particular focus on the changing relationship
between European settlers and native populations.
- Immigration from Europe and Africa to America during the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries created the population that existed at the time the United
States came into existence.
- The groups that made up this
original population contributed greatly to the events and traditions that would
shape the nation throughout its history.
- The early British settlers came as distinct
groups to different geographic areas. In addition, early American immigrants
included people from other places in northern Europe, as well as involuntary
European Migration Impact
-
European migration to the Americas had few, positive effects on the native
populations:
The Indians' contact with settlers led to their displacement, subjugation and
death from disease and warfare.
- Europeans exploring and settling North America in the 16th and 17th centuries
brought smallpox, measles and influenza, diseases usually associated with
domesticated livestock.
- These negative consequences far outweighed the Europeans' good intentions
which included efforts to Christianize and educate America's original inhabitants.
Scottish, Scotch-Irish, and English
Immigration: 1715-1775
-People from the north of England, Scotland, and northern Ireland made up much of the
migration to the western frontier regions of the early American colonies, especially to the
rugged mountainous areas.
- The northern Irish migrants were mainly Scotch-Irish, descendants of people from
Scotland who had moved to Ireland in earlier centuries. Most of the Irish in America
before the nineteenth century were actually Scotch-Irish.
-Surrounded by native hostility, though, the group maintained its cultural distinction.
- The same economic pressures, including steadily increasing rents on their land,
frequent crop failures, and the collapse of the linen trade, coupled with the belief in
greater opportunity abroad, caused many Scotch-Irish to leave for the American colonies
during the eighteenth century.
- As landholders and farmers, they were very much the people Thomas Jefferson had in
mind as participants in his agrarian democracy. From legislators to presidents, including
President Bill Clinton, the passion of Scottish people for government has been felt in
Roman Catholics and Immigration in Nineteenth-Century
America
- Until about 1845, the Roman Catholic population of the United States was a small
minority of mostly English Catholics, who were often quite socially accomplished.
- But when several years of devastating potato famine led millions of Irish Catholics to
flee to the United States in the mid 1840s, the face of American Catholicism began to
change drastically and permanently.
- In the space of fifty years, the Catholic population in the United States suddenly
transformed from a tight-knit group of landowning, educated aristocrats into an incredibly
diverse mass of urban and rural immigrants who came from many different countries,
spoke different languages, held different social statuses, and emphasized different parts
of their Catholic heritage.
- Many American citizens became uneasy about the so-called "Catholic hordes" and
religious and demographic shift caused by immigration - Change is always difficult, and
Debates over Cultural Assimilation
- The hostility of old line Americans to “foreigners” accelerated in the late 19th and early
20th centuries as racial ideology and anti-Semitism also became part of American
consciousness.
- The rising tide of nativism—the fear of foreigners—had
deep roots in anti-Catholicism and a fear of foreign radicals. The new dominant element
of this ideology in the late 19th century was the belief in the inherent superiority of the
Anglo-Saxon “race”
- Immigrants have also played an important role in the transition to an urban industrial
economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
- Immigrants and their children were the majority of workers in the garment sweatshops
of New York, the coal fields of Pennsylvania, and the stockyards of Chicago. The cities
of America during the age of industrialization were primarily immigrant cities.
Immigration and Naturalization Act 1965
The final section deals with migration in the closing third of the twentieth
century, following the immigration reforms of the 1960s:
-By the early 1960s, calls to reform U.S. immigration policy had mounted, thanks in
no small part to the growing strength of the civil rights movement.
-At the time,
immigration was based on the national-origins quota system in place since the
1920s, under which each nationality was assigned a quota based on its
representation in past U.S. census figures.
-President John F. Kennedy took up the immigration
reform cause, giving a speech in June 1963 calling the quota system “intolerable.”
Immediate Impact
-The act provided for preferences to be made according to categories, such as
relatives of U.S. citizens or permanent residents, those with skills deemed useful to
the United States or refugees of violence or unrest. The new system did place caps
on per-country and total immigration.
-The new immigration policy
would increasingly allow entire families to uproot themselves from other countries
and reestablish their lives in the U.S.
-In the first five years after the bill’s passage,
immigration to the U.S. from Asian countries–especially those fleeing war-torn
Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia) and fleeing from communist regimes in Cuba,
Continued Source of Debate
- Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, illegal immigration was a constant source of political
debate, as immigrants continue to pour into the United States, mostly by land routes
through Canada and Mexico. - The Immigration Reform Act in 1986 attempted to
address the issue by providing better enforcement of immigration policies and creating
more possibilities to seek legal immigration.
- Another
piece of immigration legislation, the 1990 Immigration Act, which provided for the
admission of immigrants from “underrepresented” countries to increase the diversity of
the immigrant flow.
- The economic recession that hit the country in the early
1990s was accompanied by a resurgence of anti-immigrant feeling, including among
lower-income Americans competing for jobs with immigrants willing to work for lower
wages.
Sources
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nineteen/nkeyinfo/nromcath.htm
http://borderbattles.ssrc.org/Hirschman/printable.html
http://www.history.com/topics/us-immigration-since-1965
http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Pa-Sp/Scottish-and-Scotch-Irish-Americans.html
http://immigrationinamerica.org/548-history-of-immigration-1620-1783.html
http://classroom.synonym.com/did-european-migration-affect-native-populations7034.html