Transcript Civil Disturbance

Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
(MACDIS)
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
WHEN AND HOW SHOULD U.S. MILITARY
FORCES BE USED TO PROVIDE CONTROL
DURING CIVIL DISORDER?
CONCEPT
DOD GARDEN PLOT PLAN
USJFCOM PLAN
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Federal paratroopers escort African American pupils to Central High
School in Little Rock, Ark. without trouble. 1,000 paratroopers had
been called by President Eisenhower to restore order and escort
nine black students safely to class. Sept. 26, 1957.
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
WATTS RIOTS
On Aug.11, 1965, six days of rioting began in the Watts section of
Los Angeles. In the violence, 34 people were killed and 856 injured.
Here, a National Guardsman escorts an elderly resident in the riot
area.
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
1992 LOS ANGELES RIOTS
On the afternoon of 29 April 1992 the worst civil unrest since the
riots of the 1960’s erupted in the streets of Los Angeles. Violence
spread quickly and overwhelmed law enforcement authorities
resulting in 44 dead, hundreds of injuries, and an estimated billion
dollars worth of property damage.
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
1989 HURRICANE HUGO
Operation Hawkeye conducted on the island of St.
Croix, US Virgin Islands - 20 September 1989 to 22
November 1989
Mission to XVIII Airborne Corps - "Deploy forces to the island
of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands to restore law and order and
preserve public and private property in the aftermath of
Hurricane Hugo"
Task Force Hawkeye consisted of XVIII Airborne Assault
Command Post, elements of 1st Corps Support COSCOM,
PSYOPS assets, counter-intelligence assets, aviation assets
(3 OH-58's), HQS 16th MP Brigade, HQS 720th MP Battalion,
411th MP Company, 258th MP Company, and the 463rd MP
Company.
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
DEFINITION OF CIVIL DISTURBANCE
“Group acts of violence and disorder prejudicial
to public law and order within the 50 states,
District of Columbia, Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, U.S. possessions and territories, or any
political subdivision thereof; includes all domestic
conditions requiring the use of federal armed
forces pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 15 of
Title 10, United States Code.”
DOD Civil Disturbance Plan “Garden Plot”
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
LOCAL AND STATE LAW ENFORCEMENT
OVERWHELMED
 Rioting
 Violent Protests or
Demonstrations
 Illegal Assembly
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
RESPONSIBILITIES
• Local and County - commit law enforcement assets
to gain control, disperse disobedient crowds, and
restore law and order; ask for state assistance as
needed
• State - respond with state law enforcement assets
and activate National Guard forces, as needed, to
assist local and county law enforcement; request
Federal assistance as needed
• Federal - respond with federal law enforcement
assets; advise the President
• DOD - Respond to Presidential Executive Order with
appropriate DOD assets to assist in the restoration of
law and order
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
FEDERAL ASSISTANCE FOR CIVIL
DISTURBANCES
 Department of Justice Leads
 Civilian Federal Law Enforcement
Primary
 Federal Military Forces Support
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CIVIL
DISTURBANCES
 Posse Comitatus Act
(Section 1385 of Title 18, United States Code)
 Insurrection Act
(Sections 331-334 of Title 10, United States
Code)
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
DOD Directive 3025.12 - February 4, 1994
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances (MACDIS)
 Provides DOD policy for military assistance during
civil disturbances
 Names Secretary of the Army as DOD Executive
Agent
 Assigns CJCS and CINC planning and execution
authority
 Assigns Service coordination, planning, and support
roles
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
Garden Plot Applicability
 DoD Plan applies to:
 Unified Commands
 Military Services
 DoD Agencies
 DoD Components
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CIVIL DISTURBANCE PLAN
(GARDEN PLOT)
 Domestic Plan
 Quick Reaction Force
 Federal law enforcement has the lead
 DOJ to provide policy guidance
 Civil Defense Conditions
 Rules of Engagement
 Military forces under military C2
 Operations controlled by JTF Headquarters
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
POTENTIAL TASKS
 Restore Law and Order
 Disperse Crowds
 Employ Riot Control Agents
 Establish Traffic Control Points
 Cordon Off Areas
 Serve as Security or Quick Reaction
Force
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
Garden Plot Force Requirements
 Force Requirements:
 JTF-250: Quick Reaction Force (QRF)
 HQ from III or XVIII Corps
3
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Infantry Battalions with Support
Elements
 JTF-MDW: Headquarters
3 Infantry Battalions with Support
Elements
2 MP Battalions
1 Marine Battalion
1 Infantry Battalion within MDW
1 Marine Company within MDW
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CIVIL DISTURBANCE CONDITIONS
 DOMS Declares Condition
 CIDCON
 Five:
 Four:
 Three:
 Two:
 One:
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Normal Preparedness
Increased Monitoring/Analysis
Increased Preparedness
Deployment of Forces Possible
Deployment Order
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
ROE RESPONSIBILITIES
 CJCS - Establishes SROE and delegates ROE
for specific operation to Supported CINC
 Supported CINC - Sets ROE for specific
operation and holds unit commanders responsible
for training, implementation, and control
 Unit Commanders - Train and implement ROE
 Individual - Every individual is responsible for
knowing ROE and taking appropriate action
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
FUNCTIONAL RULES FOR ROE
 Hostility Criteria
 Scale of Force/Challenging Procedure
 Protection of Property and Foreign Nationals
 Weapons Control Status/Alert Conditions
 Arming Orders
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
GARDEN PLOT
RULES OF ENGAGEMENT
 Found in DOD Civil Disturbance Plan and
CDRFORSCOM Civil Disturbance Plan
 Restrictive And Detailed
 Application Of Force
 Troop Orientation
Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
PROBABLE BUILD-UP SCENARIO
 Local and State police unable to maintain order
 National Guard placed on State Active Duty (Active
component resources may be loaned to the
National Guard for use during MACDIS operations
[10 USC 372-4])
 Support requested from Federal law enforcement
agencies
 Request for active Federal military forces
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
DECISION SEQUENCE
President
Governor
Attorney
General
SecDef
Executive Agent
(SecArmy)
Director of
Military Support
Requests
Tasking
Coordination
Senior Civilian
Representative of the AG
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Presidential
Directive or
Executive
Order
CJCS
JS
USJFCOM
FORSCOM
JTF-250/MDW
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
USJFCOM CIVIL DISTURBANCE PLAN
2502-97
 COMFORSCOM organizes, trains and maintains
one Division Ready Brigade per CONUS Army
Corps
 III Corps
 XVIII Corps
 DRB serves as CONUS Quick Reaction Force
 Alert Status
 Trained & Equipped
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CORPS TASKS
 Nominate Commander CDTF = BG/MG
 Establish CDTF Headquarters
 Maintain Quick Reaction Force (Brigade)
 Personnel Strength (Min - 1,210, Max - 2,150)
 Conduct Annual Training
 24 Hour Alert Status
 Maintain 1500 Sets Riot Control Equipment
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
EXECUTION
 Deployment
 Responsibility of supported CINC
 USCINCTRANS is ‘master coordinator’
 Supported CINC prioritizes unit movement
 Employment
 JTF Commander controls operations
 CINC resources / directs
 Executive Agent directs
 Operations defined by / in support of DOJ
 Redeployment
 Responsibility of supported CINC
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
PRELIMINARY ACTIONS
 Alert Order
 Increase in CIDCON
 Designation of JTF Commander
 Designation of forces
 JTF Commander reconnaissance
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONSHIP
Secretary of Defense
Secretary of Army
CJCS
Attorney General
Director Of
Military Support
Coordination
Commander in Chief
U.S. JF Command
Command
Mission
Guidance
Commander
Forces
Command
JTF-MDW
Operational
Control
CORPS
Commander
JTF-250
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FBI
Senior Civilian
Representative of
the Attorney General
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
SUMMARY
 Legal Requirements and Restrictions Established
 Specific Forces On Alert
 Key Considerations Identified
 Integration with local/state/federal law
enforcement
 Rules of Engagement
 Force Protection
 DCO/EPLO Involvement Probable
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Military Assistance for Civil Disturbances
QUESTIONS?
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