Transcript Chapter 24: Charting A Course

CIVICS IN PRACTICE
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Chapter 24
Charting A Course
Section 1: Development of U.S. Foreign Policy
Section 2: The Cold War
Section 3: New Trends
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Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
The Main Idea
For many years, U.S. leaders shaped foreign policy to avoid
involvement in the affairs of other countries. As times
changed and the United States became more closely tied to
other countries, the nation became more involved in world
affairs.
Reading Focus
 Why did the United States find it difficult to maintain a policy
of isolationism in its early years?
 What impact did the Monroe Doctrine and the Good Neighbor
policy have on U.S. international relations?
 How did World War I and World War II end U.S.
isolationism?
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Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
Reasons for Isolationism
 Early years—the country was in debt and
struggling to build an economy
 Early leaders tried to concentrate on the
country’s development and avoided foreign
affairs.
 Border disputes with Canada and Spain
blocked expansion and threatened trade.
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Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
U.S. International Relations
 War of 1812—improved relations with Great
Britain, British Canada, and other foreign
nations; 100-year period of isolationism followed
 The Monroe Doctrine (1823)—set course of U.S.
relations with Latin America and Europe;
declared Americas closed to colonization
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Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
U.S. International Relations (continued)
 Roosevelt Corollary (1905)—United States
would police the Western Hemisphere; dollar
diplomacy developed
 The Good Neighbor Policy (1933)—opposed
armed intervention in Latin America by the
United States
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Section 1: Development of a Foreign Policy
Wars End Isolationism:
 World War I—German submarines sank U.S.
merchant ships, ending U.S. neutrality
 World War II—United States became the “arsenal of
democracy”
 December 7, 1941—Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor
and shattered U.S. neutrality; U.S. declared war on
Japan
 Germany and Italy declared war on the United States
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SECTION 1
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Question: What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
BEFORE
President Monroe
worries that
European powers
will try to control
Latin America.
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AFTER
Monroe
Doctrine
United States warns that it
will treat any interference in
Latin America as an
unfriendly act.
United States declares the
Americas closed to future
colonization.
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SECTION 1
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Question: What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
BEFORE
United States
is threatened
by British in
Canada.
United States
ships are
seized by
British and
French.
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AFTER
United States earns the respect of
European nations.
War
of 1812
United States makes peace with
England.
United States signs the Rush-Bagot
Treaty with Canada in 1817.
United States is free to deal with
domestic issues.
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SECTION 1
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Question: What are some results of U.S.
international relations?
U.S. Foreign Policy
AFTER
BEFORE
United States protects
its investments in
Latin America through
dollar diplomacy.
United States acts as
the police force of the
Western Hemisphere.
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Good
Neighbor
Policy
Monroe Doctrine no
longer justifies U.S.
interference in Latin
America.
United States emphasizes
friendly agreements
between United States
and Latin American
countries.
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Section 2: The Cold War
The Main Idea
The United States and the Soviet Union worked together during
World War II, but the two nations became rivals soon after the
war ended. Their political rivalry turned into a competition for
global power that became known as the Cold War.
Reading Focus
 What were the causes of the Cold War?
 How did the United States use its containment policy to
respond to the Berlin blockade, the Cuban missile crisis, the
Korean War, and the Vietnam War?
 What events marked the end of the Cold War?
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Section 2: The Cold War
The Cold War and early U.S. response:
 After World War II, Russia established
communist satellite nations throughout
Eastern Europe and tried to increase power to
eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia.
 The United States sees Soviet expansion as
threat to national security and world peace.
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Section 2: The Cold War
The Cold War and early U.S. response:
(continued)
 The United States and the Soviet Union use
propaganda, spying, alliances, foreign aid, and
other methods against each other.
 March 1947—The Truman Doctrine begins
policy of containment: financial aid to keep
communism from spreading.
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Section 2: The Cold War
U.S. response to the Berlin blockade
and the Cuban missile crisis:
 The Berlin blockade—the United States and Great
Britain airlift food, clothing, and essential items to the
people of western Berlin
 Cuban missile crisis—the U.S. Navy and Air Force
search foreign ships bound for Cuba for weapons; army
troops are put on alert
 Show of force in the Cuban missile crisis underscores the
dangers of the Cold War
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Section 2: The Cold War
Marking the end of the Cold War:
 1987—Gorbechev’s reforms: glasnost and
perestroika give Soviet people more freedom and
restructure the failing economy; détente lessens
tensions with the United States
 1990—Communist governments fall in six
Eastern European countries.
 1990—Prodemocracy candidates win local
Soviet elections.
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Section 2: The Cold War
Marking the end of the Cold War: (continued)
 Soviet republics rally for independence.
 1991—Soviet Union ceases to exist; the
Commonwealth of Independent States forms.
 Cold War ends with the collapse of the Soviet
Union and the fall of communism in Eastern
Europe.
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SECTION 2
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Question: How did the U.S. response to the Berlin
blockade differ from the Cuban missile crisis?
Berlin Blockade
United States & Great Britain begin
a massive airlift of fuel, food,
clothing, and other vital items.
Plans from the United States and
Great Britain make more than
250,000 flights.
Cuban Missile Crisis
United States demands immediate
removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba.
United States threatens military
response.
Navy and air force find and search all
ships heading for Cuba.
U.S. Army is put on alert.
Results
Soviet Union ends
blockade.
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Results
Soviet Union backs down and
removes missiles from Cuba.
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Section 3: New Trends
The Main Idea
A primary goal of U.S. foreign policy has been to promote peace,
trade, and friendship throughout the world. In the face of
terrorism, war, and ongoing conflict in the Middle East, the
United States and other governments have had to take a more
aggressive approach to foreign policy in recent years.
Reading Focus
 What global conflicts has the United States faced since the
end of the Cold War?
 What global political problems and trade issues has the
United States faced since the end of the Cold War?
 What impact has terrorism had on the United States and the
rest of the world since the September 11, 2001, attacks?
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Section 3: New Trends
New global challenges:
 As the only superpower, the United States tries to
resolve conflicts and promote stability.
 Iraq—Iraq invaded Kuwait leading to the Persian
Gulf War; Saddam Hussein remains in power and
failed to keep cease-fire terms; relations with the
United States remain poor
 India and Pakistan—nuclear powers clash over
Kashmir
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Section 3: New Trends
New global challenges: (continued)
 China—continuing disagreements with the
United States on human rights and trade issues
 Africa—the spread of AIDS is a major concern
 Latin America and Canada—North American
Free Trade Agreement shaping relations; War on
Drugs
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Section 3: New Trends
September 11, 2001
 Terrorists hijack four airliners, destroy the World
Trade Center, and damage the Pentagon.
 Thousands of people are killed in the attack.
 Osama Bin Laden, leader of the al Qaeda
network, surfaces as the prime suspect.
 The Taliban regime in Afghanistan is singled out
as key sponsor of terrorism.
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Section 3: New Trends
U.S. response to terrorist attacks:
 President George W. Bush declares a war on terror.
 President Bush appoints Governor Tom Ridge as head of the
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Office of Homeland Security.
Colin Powell leads efforts to build an international coalition
against terrorism.
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization invokes its Article 5
for the first time.
October 7, 2001—The United States and Great Britain begin
airstrikes in Afghanistan; ground troops follow.
Fighting terrorism has become central to U.S. foreign policy.
HOLT, RINEHART
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SECTION 3
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Question: What new challenges has the United States
faced since the end of the Cold War?
Some New Global Challenges
free trade
United States
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Chapter 24 Wrap-Up
1. Why did many U.S. officials favor isolationism, and
why was this policy difficult to follow?
2. What caused the United States to lose neutrality in
the world wars?
3. Why did the United States pursue a policy of
containment?
4. What was the U.S. response to the Berlin blockade
and the Cuban missile crisis?
5. What new foreign-policy challenges have emerged
since the Cold War ended?
6. What actions did the U.S. government take after the
terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001?
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