Transcript AHON Chapter 21 Section 4 Lecture Notes

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Peace Treaty After World War I
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Examine Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a lasting
and just peace.
• Understand how the Treaty of Versailles
punished Germany.
• Explain why many Americans opposed
membership in the League of Nations.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• self-determination – the right of a group to
decide its own form of government
• reparations – payments to cover damages
• Henry Cabot Lodge – a powerful Republican
senator who opposed U.S. membership in the
League of Nations
• deport – to forcibly return an immigrant to his
or her home country
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the Treaty of Versailles and
the League of Nations disappoint
President Wilson?
After World War I, President Wilson wanted
the United States to approve the Treaty of
Versailles and join a worldwide peacekeeping
organization, the League of Nations.
Congress rejected both of these plans.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Before the war ended, President Wilson had
presented a peace plan to Congress.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
These points targeted the
causes of the war.
They included free trade
among nations and a
reduction of military forces.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
6.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
These points addressed
territorial issues.
Wilson called for selfdetermination for minority
groups in Austria-Hungary
and the Ottoman Empire.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
14.
This was Wilson’s most
important point.
He wanted to set up an
international organization
to guarantee world peace.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Wilson presented his plan at a peace conference in
Paris attended by the “Big Four.”
The Big Four included
Vittorio Orlando of
Italy, David Lloyd
George of Britain,
Georges Clemenceau
of France, and
Woodrow Wilson.
But the other Allies wanted to punish Germany.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After much debate, the Big Four drafted the
Treaty of Versailles.
The German military
was limited.
Germany had to
accept full
responsibility for
the war.
Treaty Terms
Germany lost some
territory and colonies.
Germany had to
pay full
reparations to
the Allies.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Wilson opposed the treaty’s harsh demands.
He agreed with it because he wanted to form
his peacekeeping organization, the League of
Nations.
On June 28, 1919,
German delegates
signed the treaty.
German anger at the
treaty was one cause
of World War II.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Other peace treaties applied the principle of selfdetermination to some of the Central Powers.
Austria-Hungary was divided into Austria,
Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. Serbians and other
Balkan peoples formed Yugoslavia. Poland
declared independence.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The peacemakers did not apply self-determination to
non-Europeans. Britain and France divided Germany’s
African colonies and the Middle East.
Britain
France
Germany’s African
Colonies
Middle Eastern lands
of Ottoman Empire
Residents of these lands felt betrayed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After the war,
Europe’s borders
were redrawn.
In 1918, Russia
gave territory to
Germany.
The 1919 peace
treaties brought
more changes.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Wilson’s idea for the League of Nations
sparked heated debate in America.
The United
States must
accept its
“destiny” to lead
the world on a
new path.
Membership in
the League will
restrict the
United States
from acting in its
own interest.
President Wilson
Senator Henry Cabot
Lodge
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
President Wilson lost his battle for the League of
Nations. He toured the country to promote his plan. He
suffered a massive stroke, but continued to support his
plan from his sickbed.
In November 1919, the Senate voted to reject the
treaty.
The absence of the United States crippled the
League’s ability to solve worldwide crises in
the 1930s.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The postwar years brought troubles
to the United States
An influenza
epidemic killed
over 500,000
Americans in
1918 and 1919.
Peacetime
brought high
unemployment.
In 1919, four
million U.S.
laborers went on
strike.
Fear of
communism led
to the “Red
Scare.” Many
immigrants
were rounded
up and
deported.