Transcript The In-between years…

THE COLD WAR
Electronic Literacy, EDLT 302-01
April 22, 2010
Dr. David D. Carbonara
Spring 2010
 Be
able to identify and explain the main
underlying reason for the Cold War.
 Analyze how differing ideals
(communism v. democracy) lead to so
many international conflicts during the
Cold War era.
 Identify the major international
organizations that were formed after
WWII at the beginning of the Cold War.
 Read
each slide carefully.
 Read the questions carefully and choose
the BEST answer.
 Pay careful attention to the content as it is
all fair game for a test or quiz.
Nuts and bolts of the Cold War
 World War
II forever changed the world.
Decisions made during WWII such as the
dropping of the atomic bomb
unquestionably changed the face of
warfare forever.
 The ending of WWII led to the creation of
a bi-polar world with the U.S. and the
Soviet Union rising up as the dominant
Super Powers.
 Signed
on April 4, 1949
 Intergovernmental
military alliance
 Members
agree to defend other members if
attacked by external party
 Standardization
of allied military terminology,
procedures, and technology(European
countries adopted U.S. practices)
 When
first signed in 1949 NATO had 12
members.
 Since its creation, a U.S. military officer
has always been Commander-in-chief of
NATO forces so the United States military
is never controlled by another Nation.
United
States
Italy
United
Norway
Kingdom
Canada
France
Denmark
Iceland
Portugal
Belgium
Netherlands
Luxembourg
 All
of the following were part of the
original 12 members of NATO except:
 A.
Hungary
 B. Portugal
 C. United States
 D. Iceland
 CORRECT!!!!
 Hungary
is located in Eastern Europe
and was in fact one of the founding
Nations of the Warsaw Pact.
 Click
here to continue and read more
about the Warsaw Pact
 I’m
sorry, that answer is incorrect.
 Click
here to go back and review
NATO and its members.
 Created
in 1955 to counteract NATO
 “The treaty of Friendship, co-operation,
and mutual assistance”
 Members were communist countries
 Mostly in Central and Eastern Europe
 As with NATO, the Warsaw Pact was a
military treaty where members involved
vowed to defend one another should they
be attached by an outside enemy.
 Albania
 Bulgaria
 Czechoslovakia
 East
Germany
 Hungary
 Poland
 Romania
 Soviet Union
 The Warsaw
Pact was more formally
known as “The treaty of friendship, cooperation, and…
A
defense
B
mutual assistance
C
interdependence
D
having each other’s back
 That’s
right! The Warsaw Pact was
formally known as the Treaty of
Friendship, co-operation, and mutual
assistance.
 Click
here to continue on and learn about
the United Nations
 Please
click here to review that
information on the Warsaw Pact.
 Term “United
Nations” was coined by
FDR in 1942. Allied countries formed the
“Declaration of United Nations” stating
that they would continue to fight together
against the Axis Powers.
 World powers saw a need for an
organization that promotes international
peace
 Yalta
Conference:
• February 11, 1945
• President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill,
Premier Stalin
• “A general international organization to maintain
peace and security.”
 San
Francisco Conference:
• April 25, 1945
• “Delegates of 50 nations met in San Francisco for
the United Nations Conference on International
Organization. The delegates drew up the 111article Charter, which was adopted unanimously
on 25 June 1945 in the San Francisco Opera
House. The next day, they signed it in the Herbst
Theatre auditorium of the Veterans War
Memorial Building.”
•
(www.un.org)
 24
October 1945
 United Nations is created as its Charter is
ratified by the five permanent members
of the Security Council and the majority
of other signatories, and comes into
force.
 The
goal of the United Nations is to
promote and maintain international:
 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
Harmony and cooperation
interdependence
Peace and security
Defense and containment
 The
goal of the UN was and still is to
promote a general international
organization that promotes peace and
security.
 Click
here to move on to the next section.
 Click
here to go back and review the
information on the United Nations
 After
being allies with the US during
World War II, the tune quickly changed.
 The Soviet Union had major interests in
Eastern Europe as it wanted to prevent
being invaded by a European country
from the west again.
 The Soviet Union and the U.S. did not
agree on how to reconfigure Europe after
the war.
 The
Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc with
the countries that it occupied in Eastern
Europe. It annexed some as Soviet Socialist
Republics and maintained others as Satellite
states. Some of these states were later
consolidated in the Warsaw Pact.
 **It
was clear at tee end of WWII that the U.S.
and the Soviet Union were emerging as the two
major Superpowers
 The
United States suffered little
destruction of infrastructure during WWII
because most of the fighting was done in
Europe and Asia.
 The lack of destruction and late entrance
into the war allowed to United States to
escape with few long lasting damages.
 The
U.S. took point on both NATO and the
U.N.
 The U.S. was a major contributor to
rebuilding much of Western Europe and
Japan.
 The U.S. instituted the Marshall Plan in
Western Europe (which was opposed by
the Soviet Union) to foster economic aide
and promote democracy.
 True
or False:
• The United States and the Soviet Union were
allies both during and after WWII.
• True
• False
 The
U.S. and the Soviet Union were allies
during WWII, but that quickly changed
due to their extremely differing views on
the post-WWII world.
 Click
here to continue to the next
question.
 Click
here to go back and review the
information about the Soviet Union and
the United States
 The
United States suffered little damage
to infrastructure during WWII because
most of the fighting was done in:
 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
Europe and Africa
Asia and Europe
Asia and Africa
The U.S. and Europe
 The
majority of the fighting during WWII
was done in Europe and Asia.
 End
of day one. Click here to continue to
day two.
 Click
here to go back and review the
information on the U.S.
Turning up the heat during the
Cold War
 The
world was changing rapidly in the
years following WWII. After things
settled down and it was apparent that the
U.S. and the Soviet Union had emerged as
the two world Super Powers, a cold war
started between the two nations.
Conflicting ideals surrounding
democracy and communism lead to a
cold war that lasted for nearly 50 years. It
was an uneasy time for many of the
residents of the world.
 Berlin
Blockade
 Korean War
 Berlin Crisis of 1961
 Vietnam War
 Cuban Missile Crisis
 Soviet War in Afghanistan
 Able Archer 83
1948-1949
 First major int’l crisis of Cold War
 Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway
and road access to the sectors of Berlin under their
control.
 In response, the Western Allies organized the
Berlin Airlift to carry supplies to the people in West
Berlin.
 By the Spring of 1949 more food and supplies were
being delivered by airlift that had been my cargo
train before. This defeat humiliated the Soviets.

1950-1953
 Military conflict between the Republic of Korea,
supported by the United Nations, and the
Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, supported
by the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet
Union.
 Korea was divided at the end of WWII. The U.S.
controlled the Southern half and the Soviet Union
controlled the Northern half. North Korea invaded
South Korea and the U.S. and UN stepped in to aide
South Korea to combat the threat of communism

 June-November, 1961
 last
major politico-military European incident
of the Cold War about the occupational status of
the German capital city, Berlin, and of postWWII Germany. The U.S.S.R. provoked the
Berlin Crisis with an Ultimatum demanding the
withdrawal of Western armed forces from West
Berlin— culminating with the city's de facto
partition with the East German erection of the
Berlin Wall.
 1959-1975
 Cold War
military conflict that occurred in
Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia.
 United States entered the Vietnam War to
prevent a communist take of South Vietnam by
the North Vietnamese.
 With the policy of containment, the U.S. did not
want communism to spread in South East Asia,
thinking that if one country fell it would not be
long until they all did.
 October
1962
 U.S. , Soviet Union, Cuba
 In September 1962, the Cuban and Soviet
governments placed nuclear missiles in
Cuba. When United States military
intelligence discovered the weapons, the
U.S. government did all it could to ensure
the removal of the missiles.
 One of the closest calls to nuclear war ever
 1979-1989
 Sometimes
referred to as the “Soviet’s Vietnam”
(comparing it to the U.S.’s Vietnam War.)
 ten-year conflict involving the Soviet Union,
supporting the Marxist government of the
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan at their
own request against the Islamist Mujahideen
Resistance

The realistic nature of the 1983 exercise, coupled with
Deteriorating relations between the United States and
the Soviet Union and the anticipated arrival of Pershing
II nuclear missiles in Europe, led some members of the
Soviet Politburo to believe that Able Archer 83 was a
ruse of war, obscuring preparations for a genuine
nuclear first strike.In response, the Soviets readied
their nuclear forces and placed air units East Germany
and Poland on alert.This relatively obscure incident is
considered by many historians to be the closest the
world has come to nuclear war since the Cuban Missile
Crisis of 1962
 The
Berlin Blockade was a conflict that
eventually resulted in a “victory” for the :
 United
 Soviet
States
Union
 Eventually
the United States succeeded
in supplying Berlin with more supplies by
air than they had previously been doing
by train.
 Click
here to continue to the next
question.
 Click
here to return to information on the
Berlin Blockade
 The
U.S. got involved in the Vietnam War
because the wanted to prevent the
spread of :
 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
communism
socialism
democracy
fascism
 The
U.S. had a policy of containment.
They wanted to prevent communism from
spreading into South East Asia
 Click
here to move on to the final
question
 Click
here to return to information about
the Vietnam War
 Able
Archer 83 was the closest the world
has come to _________ since the Cuban
Missile Crisis
 A.
 B.
 C.
 D.
Taking over Cuba
Ending the Cold War
International peace
Nuclear war
 Way
to go!!
 Click
show.
here to move on to the end of the
 Click
here to return to information about
Able Archer 83