Transcript Chaper 2-Sections 3 and 4-PPT

Presentation Pro
Magruder’s
American
Government
CHAPTER 2
Sections 3 and 4
Origins of American
Government
© 2001 by Prentice Hall, Inc.
Articles of Confederation
• Richard Henry Lee asked the
Second Continental
Congress to propose
“a plan of confederation” to
the States
• For 17 months they debated
it on and off... And on
November 15, 1777…they
approved the Articles of
Confederation
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Articles of Confederation
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The formal approval, or ratification, would not come
until ALL 13 colonies approved it…
Eleven states approves it within a year
• Delaware approved it in February 1779
• Maryland didn’t approve it until March 1, 1781
• Went into effect that day!
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The Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation established “a firm
league of friendship” among the States.
Government Structure:
•One body of Congress [unicameral]—members
chosen annually
•Each state had one vote.
•No Executive or Judicial branch.
•Handled by committees of Congress.
•Congress would choose one of its members
as president each year: called presiding officer
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The Articles of Confederation
State Obligations
Powers of Congress
•Make war and peace
•Promised to obey Articles/Congress
•Send and receive ambassadors
•Provide funds/troops
•Make treaties
•Treat citizens of other states
fairly/equally within their borders
•Borrow money
•Set up a money system
•Establish post offices
•Build a navy
•Raise an army by asking states for
troops
•Fix uniform standards of weights and
measures
•Give faith to public acts/records/judicial
proceedings
•Surrender fugitives from justice to one
another
•Submit disputes to Congress
•Allow open travel and trade
•Settle disputes among states
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Chapter 2, Section 3
Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
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Chapter 2, Section 3
The Critical Period
•
The Critical Period, the 1780s
• War ended October 19, 1781….We signed the Treaty of Paris in 1783
• Problems , because of the weaknesses of the Articles, intensified:
• Jealousy and bickering among the states increased.
• Suspicious of each other
• Refused to support central government [mostly financially]
• Made foreign agreements without approval of Congress
• Organized individual military forces
• Taxed goods from other states.
• Debts went unpaid.
• Printed own money
• Prices went up
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And Violence Broke out!!!!
•
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Shay’s Rebellion in the fall of 1786.
Small farmers began to lose their
land/possessions because they couldn’t
make the payments on taxes and other
debts
1786: Daniel Shays [fighter in the American
Revolution] led an armed uprising that
forced several State judges to close their
courts
•
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http://homepage.mac.com/ •
davidbellel/stanmack1.mov
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He attempted to attack a federal
arsenal at Springfield …stopped by
troops
He fled to Vietnam
So legislature passed laws to ease
debts.
5
Section 3 Review
1. The government set up by the Articles of Confederation had
(a) the power to make treaties and build a navy.
(b) a bicameral congress.
(c) separation of powers.
(d) a President to carry out its laws.
2. Which of the following was a weakness of the Articles of
Confederation?
(a) Congress could not make treaties.
(b) Congress could not borrow money.
(c) The States did not agree to obey the Articles.
(d) Congress could not lay or collect taxes or duties.
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Chapter 2, Section 3
A Call for a Stronger Government
• Representatives from Maryland and Virginia
met at Mount Vernon, Virginia, in 1785 to
discuss trade issues.
• The meeting was so successful that the
Virginia General Assembly requested “a joint
meeting of [all of] the States to consider and
recommend a federal plan for regulating
commerce”
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Chapter 2, Section 3
Revising the Articles of Confederation
• Meeting called at Annapolis, Maryland—
September 11, 1786
• Only 5 states attended [New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,
Delaware, and Virginia]
• Alexander Hamilton [NY] and James Madison [VA] sent out a
call for another meeting the next year in Philadelphia
– February 1787:
» Delaware
» Georgia
» New Hampshire
» New Jersey
» North Carolina
» Pennsylvania
» Virginia
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They met….
“for the sole and express purpose of revising
the Articles of Confederation and reporting to
Congress and the several legislatures such
alterations and provisions therein as shall
when agreed to in Congress and confirmed
by the States render the [Articles] adequate
to the exigencies of Government and the
preservation of the Union.”
»The United States in Congress
Assembled,
February 21, 1787
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Constitutional Convention
What began as a meeting to REVISE
the Articles of Confederation
became a meeting to CREATE an
entirely new kind of government for
the United States of America…
whose power would come from a
Constitution.
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SECTION 4
Creating the Constitution
• Who were the Framers of the Constitution?
• What were the differences between the Virginia
Plan and the New Jersey Plan?
• What were some of the compromises on which
the Constitutional Convention agreed?
• What sources did the delegates draw on and
how did they react when they completed the
Constitution?
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Chapter 2, Section 4
Imagine…. Hot weather… Widows closed shut
from flies and to keep away eavesdroppers…
tension… 50 men all speaking at once…. Each
with an opinion and interests to protect…. From
May 25, 1787-September
Welcome to the Constitutional Convention!
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Meet the Framers!
• 12/13 states sent delegates [all except Rhode
Island]
• Out of 74 chosen delegates, only 55 showed up!
• Thomas Jefferson, who wasn’t there, later said that
this was “an assembly of demi-gods”
• The delegates at the Convention were called
Framers
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Rules at the beginning of the Convention
• A majority of the States would be needed to
conduct business…called a quorum
• Each State delegation was to have ONE vote on all
matters
• Majority of the votes would carry any proposal
• Total meeting time: 92 out of the 116 days from
May 25-September 17
• Most of the work done together: little in committees
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•
May 30 they announce:
“Resolved,… that a national Government ought to be established
consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary.”
---Edmund Randolph, Delegate from VA
They all agreed…. And so the NEW purpose of the convention was to:
WRITE A NEW CONSTITUTION TO REPLACE THE ARTICLES OF
CONFEDERATION
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TWO Different Constitutional Plans
OFFERED
The Virginia Plan
• Three branches of
government
• Bicameral legislature
• “National Executive”
and “National
Judiciary”
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The New Jersey Plan
• Unicameral Congress
• Equal representation
for States of different
sizes
• More than one federal
executive
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Chapter 2, Section 4
Constitutional Compromises
• The Connecticut Compromise
Delegates agreed on a bicameral Congress, one segment
with equal representation for States, and the other with
representation proportionate to the States’ populations.
• The Three-Fifths Compromise
The Framers decided to count a slave as three-fifths of a
person when determining the population of a State.
• The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise
Congress was forbidden from taxing exported goods, and
was not allowed to act on the slave trade for 20 years.
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Chapter 2, Section 4
Section 4 Review
1. The first national government for the United States was
(a) the First Continental Congress.
(b) the Second Continental Congress.
(c) the Articles of Confederation.
(d) the Constitution of the United States.
2. What is the basic conflict underlying the differences between the
New Jersey and Virginia Plan?
(a) Whether or not slaves should be counted as part of the population.
(b) Whether we appoint a monarch or have elections for a president
(c) Should the states be represented in Congress equally or by population
(d) Should the states be represented in Congress equally or by population
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Chapter 2, Section 4