Transcript Chapters 3 and 4

Learning Goals
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The students will understand the Cultural
exchanges between the Indians and the
settlers including the main items they
introduced and traded with each other.
The students will gain an understanding of
the Louisiana Purchase, the 3 expeditions
following this purchase and the boundaries
that were set with at least level 3 mastery
on the comprehension chart.
Anticipation Chart
What I Already Know
What I Learned
What I Want To Know
Cultural Exchanges
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European-Indian contact began to cause change
right away on both sides. Each contributed items
to the others culture.
In addition to corn, beans, and squash, Indians
introduced Europeans to pumpkins, avocados,
pineapples, chocolate, and other edible products.
The Europeans brought peas, pears and apricots,
as well as wheat
Indians continued to trade with Europeans for
most of the metal items needs. Like Whites
Indians wanted to own knives.
However, the most powerful metal item
introduced to the Indians was the gun. Gun
trading was lively, prosperous, and often times
law breaking business for frontier traders
American Explorers
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The European policy concerning land
ownership in the New World was that the
nation first discovering a region thereby
secured legal ownership. The inhabitants
of the land were insignificant, in the view
of the European powers, and were
considered chattel, or moveable property,
of the discovering government.
After a discovery was made and claimed it
became a pawn of peace, a spoil of war, or
a tool of bargain, as the government saw
fit.
Louisiana Purchase
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In 1801 Robert Livingston, American Minister to
France, began trying to buy the Isle of Orleans, a
narrow strip of land along the lower Mississippi
leading to the Gulf.
With several of his campaigns going badly,
Napoleon Bonaparte found himself in need of
funds. He decided to sacrifice his dreams of
French Imperialism in the New World for the
money he needed to fight his wars.
He instructed his minister of Finance to sell all of
Louisiana. In May 1803 the United States
virtually doubled itself in area by purchasing
Louisiana from France for the sum of 15 million
dollar. Thus Oklahoma became part of the United
States.
Lewis and Clark
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Thomas Jefferson was
President at the time of the
Louisiana Purchase.
There were no clear
boundaries set for the
territory, but Spain controlled
the land to the California
coast, and Jefferson knew an
exact boundary needed top
be established.
The first expedition Jefferson
sent out did not travel into
Oklahoma. Meriwether Lewis
and William Clark were
commissioned to explore the
Missouri River westward to its
source and to find a passage
across the high mountains in
the west
Wilkinson and Pike
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The second expedition commissioned by Jefferson was the
first official expedition into Oklahoma. Zebulon Montgomery
Pike and James Wilkinson set out in July 1806.
They were to follow the Arkansas River, exploring the
territory all the way to its source and establish friendly
relations with any people along the way.
They split up along the way and Pike took his men on to
discover Pikes Peak in Colorado
Wilkinson stayed where he was and recorded all he had
seen and these became the first official records of
Oklahoma.
In his reports he referred to the land along the Arkansas
River as a paradise and claimed he saw “enough deer,
buffalo, and elk to feed all of the Indians in the United
States for 100 Years.”
Great Salt Plains
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The third expedition did
not take place until 1811
when George Sibley was
curious about the strange
stories he heard about the
salt mountain and about
the buffalo.
Sibley was led across the
praires of Kansas,
Nebraska, and northern
Oklahoma.
He finally came to the
Great Salt Plains which he
said was “glistening like a
brilliant field of snow in the
summer sun.”
Sibley made the first
official record of the site
which geologist later
reported had once been a
great salt sea.
Early Government
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In 1812 the Territory of New Orleans was admitted to the
Union as the state of Louisiana. The territory of Missouri
was created and included the area that is now Oklahoma.
In 1819 Missouri Territory was divided and the Territory
Arkansas was created, Northeastern and Southern
boundaries matched those of today’s state of Arkansas but
its western boundary extended all the way to the Spanish
holdings on the west including Oklahoma.
Also in 1819 the southern and western boundaries of the
area of the Louisiana Purchase were finally established.
The Adams-Onis Treaty and agreement between Spain and
the United States set the following as the absolute
boundary between America and Spanish holdings in the
West.
• West bank of the Sabine River from its mouth to the 32nd
• Along the red river to the 100th meridian
• North along the 100th to the Arkansas River
Oklahoma boundaries
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By the same treaty Spain gave up all
claims to Florida and Oregon, and
the United States gave up all claims
to Texas as part of the Louisiana
Purchase.
Further, two future boundaries were
established for the state – the Red
River and the 100th Meridian
Chapters 3&4 Quiz
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1.) What was the European policy concerning
land ownership?
a.) The Nation that found the land should share it
with the Indians
b.) The Nation that found the land had ownership
c.) All land should be commonly owned
2.) What was the most powerful metal item that
was introduced to the Indians?
a.) Guns
b.) Swords
c.) Automobile
3.) What are inhabitants?
a.) People who sold land after they had
discovered it
b.) People who discovered new land
c.) The people that were on the land before
discovery
4.) What were the inhabitants of new found land
considered?
a.) Valuable slaves
b.) Valuable for their knowledge in the
surrounding land
c.) Chattel, or moveable objects
5.) Who instructed the French minister of finance
to sell all of Louisiana?
a.) Napoleon
b.) Christopher Columbus
c.) Amerigo Vespucci
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6.) Why did the French sell Louisiana?
a.) Because the colonies of America forced them
to.
b.) Because they were constantly at war and
needed money
c.) Because they no longer wanted to be
imperialist
7.) How much did the United States buy Louisiana
for?
a.) 15 Million dollars
b.) 5 Million dollars
c.) 15 Trillion dollars
8.) What did President Jefferson commission
Lewis and Clark to do?
a.) To clearly find a passage from the United
States to Mexico
b.) To find a passage through the high mountains
of the West
c.) To Find gold to fund the purchase of Louisiana
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9.) Whose expedition was the first to include
Oklahoma?
a.) Lewis and Clark
b.) Vespucci and Columbus
c.) Wilkinson and Pike
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10.) Who found the Great Salt Plains?
a.) Sibley
b.) Coronado
c.) Cortez
Chapters 3&4 Quiz
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1.) Describe the European policy concerning land ownership in terms of new found land?
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2.) What was the most powerful metal item that was introduced to the Indians?
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3.) What are inhabitants?
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4.) What were the inhabitants of new found land considered?
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5.) Who instructed the French minister of finance to sell all of Louisiana?
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6.) Why did the French sell Louisiana?
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7.) How much did the United States buy Louisiana for?
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8.) What did President Jefferson commission Lewis and Clark to do?
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9.) Whose expedition was the first to include Oklahoma?
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10.) Who found the Great Salt Plains?