Transcript CH. 23, THE NEW DEAL - Effingham County Schools

CH. 23, THE NEW DEAL
SSUSH18 The student will describe Franklin Roosevelt’s New
Deal as a response to the depression and compare the ways
governmental programs aided those in need.
a. Describe the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority as a works
program and as an effort to control the environment.
b. Explain the Wagner Act and the rise of industrial unionism.
c. Explain the passage of the Social Security Act as a part of the
second New Deal.
e. Identify the political challenges to Roosevelt’s domestic and
international leadership; include the role of Huey Long, the “court
packing bill,” and the Neutrality Act.
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT’S NEW
DEAL
1932 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, FRANKLIN D.
ROOSEVELT, DEMOCRAT, AND HERBERT C. HOOVER,
INCUMBENT REPUBLICAN
ELECTION RESULTS, 1932
THE NEW DEAL
The New Deal was the name that United
States President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave
to a sequence of programs he initiated
between 1933 and 1936 with the goal of
giving work (relief) to the unemployed,
reform of business and financial practices,
and recovery of the economy during The
Great Depression. **
THE NEW DEAL
The "First New Deal" of 1933 was aimed at
short-term recovery programs for all groups.
The Roosevelt administration promoted or
implemented banking reform laws,
emergency relief programs, work relief
programs, agricultural programs, and
industrial reform (the NRA), a federal
welfare state, as well as the end of the gold
standard and prohibition.
THE NEW DEAL
1.A NEW DEAL FOR THE AMERICAN
PEOPLE, FDR
2. THREE GOALS
1)RELIEF FOR POOR
2)ECONOMIC RECOVERY
3)FINANCIAL REFORM
NEW DEAL, THE WPA
NEW DEAL, THE NATIONAL
REVOVERY ADMINISTRATION
NEW DEAL
1.FDR FIRST HUNDRED DAYS
2.CONGRESS-15 PIECES OF
LEGISLATION (LAWS) FOR
RECOVERY
3.EXPANDED FED’S ROLE IN
NATION’S ECONOMY
NEW DEAL GOVERNMENT
PROGRAMS, TVA
1.TVA, TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY ACT, 1933
2.The TVA was designed to modernize the region, using
experts and electricity to combat human and economic
problems. TVA developed fertilizers, taught farmers ways
to improve crop yields and helped replant forests, control
forest fires, and improve habitat for fish and wildlife.
3.The most dramatic change in Valley life came from TVAgenerated electricity. Electric lights and modern appliances
made life easier and farms more productive. Electricity
also drew industries into the region, providing desperately
needed jobs.
TVA
TVA GEOGRAPHIC AREA
TVA
SUMMARY
1.GENERATED HYDROELECTRICITY
2.PREVENTED FLOODS IN TN VALLEY
3.RENOVATED AND BUILT NEW DAMS
ADDITIONAL NEW DEAL
PROGRAMS
1.CCC, CIVILIAN CONSERVATION
CORPS, ENVIRONMENT
2.PWA, PUBLIC WORKS
ADMINISTRATION
3.NRA, NATIONAL RECOVERY
ADMINISTRATION
4.WPA, WORKERS PROGRESS
ADMINISTRATION
SECOND NEW DEAL,
1.A "Second New Deal" (1935–36) included
labor union support, the WPA relief
program, the Social Security Act, and
programs to aid farmers, including tenant
farmers and migrant workers.
2.Implemented after original New Deal
failed to mend economy of USA
IMPORTANT ACTIONS OF THE
SECOND NEW DEAL
1.THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS
ACT, 1935
1)AKA, THE WAGNER ACT, LABOR REFORM
2)ESTABLISHED COLLECTIVE BARGAINING RIGHTS FOR
WORKERS
3)PROHIBITED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES…INTIMIDATING
WORKERS, STOPPING WORKERS FROM ORGANIZING
UNIONS, AND FIRING UNION MEMBERS
4)SET UP GOVT AGENCY WHERE WORKERS COULD TESTIFY
ABOUT UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
5)HOLD ELECTIONS TO DECIDE UNIONIZATION
6)ALLOWED STRIKES
ROBERT F. WAGNER
SECOND NEW DEAL, NLRA,
CONTINUED
2.RISE OF INDUSTRIAL UNIONISM
1)INDUSTRIAL WORKERS UNIONIZE
2)FORMATION OF AFL, AMERICAN
FEDERATION OF LABOR, CRAFT-BASED
UNION
3)FORMATION OF CIO, CONGRESS OF
INDUSTRIAL WORKERS, SUPPORTED
OTHER WORKERS NOT REPRESENTED BY
AFL
4)AFL AND CIO MERGE, 1955
AFL-CIO
American Federation of Labor and Congress of
Industrial Organizations, Founded1886, Cur.
affiliation date, 1955
SECOND NEW DEAL ACTIONS,
CONTINUED
2.SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 1935
1)The Social Security Act was drafted by President
Roosevelt's committee on economic security and
passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. The
act was an attempt to limit what were seen as
dangers in the modern American life, including
old age poverty, unemployment, and the burdens
of widows and fatherless children. By passing this
act, President Roosevelt became the first president
to advocate the protection of the elderly.
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT, 1935
2) U.S. Social Security is a social insurance
program funded through dedicated payroll
taxes called Federal Insurance
Contributions Act (FICA).
3) Contains several social welfare or social
insurance programs.
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
3) THREE IMPORTANT PROGRAMS OF SSA
A.OLD-AGE INSURANCE FOR RETIREES
OVER 65 AND SPOUSES, FUNDED BY HALF
EMPLOYEE, HALF EMPLOYER
B.UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION
FUNDED BY FEDERAL TAX ON
EMPLOYERS MANAGED BY STATES
C.AID FOR DISABLED AND FAMILY WITH
DEPENDENT CHILDREN FUNDED BY FED
AND MANAGED BY STATES
SOCIAL SECURITY
SOCIAL SECURITY ACT
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
1. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt , October 11, 1884 –
November 7, 1962) was First Lady of the United States
from 1933 to 1945. She supported the New Deal policies
of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and
assumed a role as an advocate for civil rights.
2. SOCIAL REFORMER
3. HUMANITARIAN
4. TRAVELED USA TO KEEP FDR INFORMED
ABOUT ISSUES OF THE PEOPLE
5. SUPPORTER OF WOMEN’S ISSUES
6. CONVINCED FDR TO APPOINT WOMEN TO GOVT
POSITIONS
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
1.Eleanor Roosevelt continued to be an internationally
prominent author, speaker, politician, and activist for the
New Deal coalition. She worked to enhance the status of
working women.
2.She was a delegate to the UN General Assembly from
1945 and 1952, a job for which she was appointed by
President Harry S. Truman and confirmed by the United
States Senate. During her time at the United Nations she
chaired the committee that drafted and approved the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. President Truman
called her the "First Lady of the World" in tribute to her
human rights achievements.
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
WITH THE REPUBLIC
OF CHINA’S FIRST
LADY RIGHT
ELEANOR ROOSEVELT
CHALLENGES TO FDR AT HOME
AND ABROAD
1.CONSERVATIVES: FDR MADE FED
TO LARGE AND POWERFUL;
GOVERNMENT DID NOT PROTECT
INDIVIDUAL AND PROPERTY RIGHTS
2.LIBERALS: FDR DID NOT DO
ENOUGH TO ELIMINATE INEQUALITY.
THREE SPECIFIC CHALLENGES
1.HUEY LONG, US SENATOR, LA
2.COURT PACKING BILL, 1937
3.NEUTRALITY ACTS, 1939
1. HUEY LONG
1. Huey Pierce Long, Jr. (August 30, 1893 –
September 10, 1935), nicknamed The Kingfish,
was an American politician from the U.S. state of
Louisiana. A Democrat, he was noted for his
radical populist policies.
2. FDR’S BIGGEST CRITIC
3. DESIRED TO REPLACE FDR
4. PROPOSED A HOME, FOOD, CLOTHES,
EDUCATION FOR EVERY AMERICAN
HUEY LONG
1. Long created the Share Our
Wealth program in 1934, with the
motto "Every Man a King"
2. Charismatic and immensely
popular for his social reform
programs and willingness to take
forceful action, Long was accused
by his opponents of dictatorial
tendencies
3. At the height of his popularity,
the colorful and flamboyant Long
was shot on September 8, 1935, at
the Louisiana State Capitol in
Baton Rouge; he died two days
later at the age of 42. His last
words were reportedly, "God,
don't let me die. I have so much
left to do."
2. COURT PACKING BILL
1.JUDICIARY REORGANIZATION BILL, 1937
2.PROPOSED BY FDR TO GIVE PRESIDENTS
MORE POWER TO APPOINT AN EXTRA
SUPREME COURT JUSTICE FOR EVERY
SITTING JUSTICE OVER THE AGE OF 70.5
3.FDR’S GOAL: “PACK” SCOTUS TO GIVE
SUPPORT TO NEW DEAL
3. NEUTRALITY ACTS
1.PASSED BY CONGRESS TO KEEP FDR
FROM INVOLVING USA IN ANOTHER
EUROPEAN WAR
2.MADE IT ILLEGAL TO SELL ARMS OR
MAKE LOANS TO NATIONS AT WAR
3.ACT #4 RECOGNIZED NAZI THREATS TO
EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY AND ALLOWED
“CASH AND CARRY” SALES
a.Buyers pay $, send ships to USA for supplies,
USA ships kept from being sunk by Germany
NEUTRALITY ACTS
The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that
were passed by the United States Congress in the
1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in
Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War
II. They were spurred by the growth in
isolationism and non-interventionism in the US
following its costly involvement in World War I,
and sought to ensure that the US would not
become entangled again in foreign conflicts.