Transcript UNIT 5: WORLD WAR I

UNITED STATES HISTORY
REVIEW
•Causes of war in Europemilitarism (nations in the Balkans were building
up their militaries and preparing to defend their
country)
 nationalism (feelings of intense
pride/patriotism in your country and a
willingness to fight for your country)
territorial rivalries (countries were fighting over
land in the Balkans)
alliances (countries began to form friendships
or alliances with each other in the Balkans)
The spark that ignited war in Europe was the
assassination of Franz Ferdinand (heir to AustriaHungary)
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Causes for WWI in Europe- Nationalism (pride in one’s
country), militarism (building up one’s military),
territorial rivalries (wanting the same land) , alliances
(forming partnerships in case of war)
New weapons- U-boats (submarines), poison gas, tanks,
machine guns
Allies- US, France, Russia, Italy, Great Britain, Japan, and
dozens more
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
Ottoman Empire
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Causes of war in Europe◦ militarism (nations in the Balkans were building up their
militaries and preparing to defend their country)
◦ nationalism (feelings of intense pride/patriotism in your
country and a willingness to fight for your country)
◦ territorial rivalries (countries were fighting over land in the
Balkans)
◦ alliances (countries began to form friendships or alliances
with each other in the Balkans)
The spark that ignited war in Europe was the assassination of
Franz Ferdinand (heir to Austria-Hungary)
WWI
1914-1919
The Major Players: 1914-17
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Nicholas II
[Rus]
Wilhelm II [Ger]
George V [Br]
Victor Emmanuel
II [It]
Enver Pasha
[Turkey]
Pres. Poincare [Fr]
Franz Josef [A-H]
Archduke Franz Ferdinand &
His Family
The Assassination: Sarajevo
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
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June 28, 1914……Archduke Francis Ferdinand
is killed and Serbia is
blamed
June 29,1914…..Austria Hungary issues Serbia
an ultimatum to accept
responsibility and they
ignored it.
France was Russia’s ally and was in an alliance
with Serbia…….so Russia is in the war.
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Germany was aligned with Austria Hungary.
Austria was granted a “Blank-Check” policy to
support Austria.
Since Germany was Austria Hungary’s ally
they turned and declared war on Russia since
they were allied with Serbia.
Secret Alliances pulled many nations into war.
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WWI
Who’s To Blame?
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Resentment to German Americansfear of a
threat from within the USA
(treason/conspiracy, etc.)
1917 was a critical year- Germany resumed
unrestricted submarine attacks and sunk any
ships headed for the Allied nations in Europe.
USA sent convoys and wolfpacks.
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USA declared neutrality and stated they would
avoid getting directly in the war. However
they issued the Lend-Lease Policy and the
Cash-n-Carry policy to support the Allies
(indirectly).
Lend-Lease Policy we would lease military
supplies to allied nations at war. As German
sub attacks increased we issued the Cash-nCarry policy nations buying materials had
to pay cash and transport their own supplies.
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We created the National Security League to
monitor aversive organizations and
publications. We wanted to prevent treason.
The USA started increasing the military and
raised taxes to pay for the war effort.
USA entered in a state of preparedness
getting ready for war. The USA passed the
National Defense Act that expand the Army
and Navy. This was in response to the sinking
of the Lusitania.
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Causes of US entryLusitania (British ship torpedoed with 128 Americans on
board)
Violation of the Sussex Pledge (Germany continued to sink
ships with Americans on board and they promised to stop
sinking ships without giving adequate warning- they violated
this promise)
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE (Germany’s use of the
submarine or u-boat)
Zimmerman Note (secret agreement Germany hoped to make
with Mexico; they asked Mexico to attack us if the US got
involved in the war to keep us preoccupied)
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Lusitania- British ship that was sunk by a German u-boat;
128 Americans died; we were made but didn’t enter war yet
Unrestricted submarine warfare- Germany’s practice of
sinking ships that aided the Allies; major cause of US entering
WWI…1917 was the year that Germany escalated the sinking
of ships and USA enters the war.
Zimmerman Telegram- letter sent from German official to
German official in Mexico asking Mexico to attack
the US if we enter the war; they wanted to pre-occupy the
USA to keep the USA out of the war. Germany told Mexico
that they would gain back most of the western US if they
cooperated.
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ATTACK
USA
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The Russian Revolution in WWI was important
to the Allied effort. When Russia started
loosing they called on the USA to help
(alliance system). In March 1917 Russia
starts pulling out of the war and the USA
enters the war to protect the other allies
(France).
Russia had fallen under Lenin’s communism
and became the Union of the Soviet Socialist
Republic. (USSR) The USA feared expansion
of communism into USA.
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Lead the Bolshevik party to overthrown the
Romanov dynasty and murdered the family.
He started the USSR and extended
communism in Russia.
Communism is the opposite of democracy.
Communist regimes has control over every
aspect of human life. We feared communism
would spread to the USA after Russia fell.
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RUSSIAN
TSAR
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RUSSIA
BECOMES
USSR or Union of the S
Soviet Socialist
Republic
COMMUNIST
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The USA wanted to remove any communist
threat in USA. A. Mitchell Palmer under
President Harding started the Palmer Raids.
People were arrested and censored for
speaking against the American government.
Many of the Bill of Rights were violated out of
a fear of communism entering the USA.
This time period was called the Red Scare.
During the war the government limited
constitutional rights to protect the nation.
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Flying Aces of World War I
Eddie
Rickenbacher, US
Francesco
Barraco, It.
Eddie “Mick”
Mannoch, Br.
Willy Coppens de
Holthust, Belg.
Rene Pauk
Fonck, Fr.
Manfred von
Richtoffen, Ger.
[The “Red Baron”]
Looking for the “Red Baron?”
Flame
Throwers
Grenade
Launchers
Examine chart page 486
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
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$3 billions in loans were made to nations at
war using the Lend-Lease Policy.
The USA sold Liberty Bonds to finance the
government budget.
USA passed the Selective Service Act allowing
men to be drafted for military service. They
used the lottery system to draft men….they
would pull their number.
USA prepared the American Expeditionary
Forces to go and fight in Europe..
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Campaigns like “Every Scout to Save a Soldier”
started to advertise how supporting scouts
promoted patriotism.
Rationing- Americans ration materials that
could be used during the war effort.
Civilians planted Victory Gardens to send
troops overseas fresh foods.
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The Clean Plate Campaign……no waste!
Waste was limiting a soldier from having his
needs met.
Daylight Savings Time----use less energy
that can be conserved for the war effort.
Spring forward and fall back time changes
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Isolationism- US belief that we needed to stay out
of world affairs after WWI; we did not like war and
did not want to get involved in another one
Liberty bonds and victory gardens (war
propaganda)- people bought war bonds (allowed
the government to borrow money) and planted
their own gardens to help conserve food for the
troops
Hoover and the Food Administration (meatless
Mondays and wheatless Wednesdays)- extremely
successful;
People voluntarily didn’t eat meat on Mon. or wheat
on Wed. in order to ensure enough food for troops
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Charles Schenck wrote the 15,000 letters
urging the drafted men to not show up. He
was arrested and his case went to the
Supreme Court and was ruled that a citizen
can not put the government in “CLEAR and
PRESENT Danger.” The was the standard set
for sedition…….your views can’t lead to
dangerous actions.
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War Finance Administration
(Liberty Loan Drives)
Committee on Public Information
(George Creel)…speaking and writing
Espionage and Sedition Acts….spies
Fuel Administration (Harry Garfield)
Food Administration (Herbert Hoover)
rationing
War Industries Board (Bernard Baruch)
National War Labor Board (W.H. Taft)
Wartime industries convert production
U.S. Posters
Which one of the following was MOST
decisive in changing America’s neutrality to
support for the Allied Powers in World War
I?
A The sinking of the battleship U.S.S. Maine
B Unrestricted German submarine warfare
C Publication of the De Lomé Letter
D Violation of the Polish border by German
troops
Selective Service Act- established the
draft
 Woodrow Wilson- elected in 1912 and
1916; pres. During WWI
 Fourteen Points- Wilson’s peace plan
after WWI; only achieved one pointthe 14th point (freedom of seas, no
secret agreements, etc)
 League of Nations- Wilson’s 14th
point; established a world-wide peace
keeping body
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armistice- a cease-fire when both sides agree to
stop fighting; signed on the 11th hour of the 11th
day of the 11th month- Nov. 11, 1918 (now is
celebrated as Veteran’s Day)
Treaty of Versailles- ended the war; established the
League of Nations (without the US); punished
Germany harshly; Germany had to pay billions in
war reparations and had to admit full guilt; Germ
and Axis lost land; new unstable countries were
formed; this treaty helped bring about WWII
“to make the world safe for democracy”- Wilson’s
famous quote
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“to make the world safe for democracy”Wilson’s famous quote
Bolshevik Revolution- occurred in 1917 when
Tsar Nicholas and his family were murdered;
this is when Russia became communist
Great Migration- mass movement of Af-Am
from the south to the north in search of war
related jobs in industries; they were promised
a better way of life
9,000,000 Dead
The Somme American
Cemetery, France
116,516 Americans Died
Which of the following acts
was intended to prevent
disloyalty among United
States citizens during World
War I?
A The Hepburn Act
B The Sedition Act
C The Volstead Act
D The Hatch Act
American participation in World War I contributed to
the economic opportunities available to African
Americans by —
A creating a need for African American workers on
Midwestern grain farms.
B encouraging the African American owners of small
businesses to seek war contracts.
C inflating the price of cotton and thus increasing profits
from sharecropping.
D opening up Northern industrial jobs to African
American workers
Which statement correctly describes the Great
Migration of 1914-1920?
A Migration of more than one million farmers
from the Plains states to the West Coast
during the Dust Bowl
B Migration of hundreds of thousands of African
Americans to northern industrial cities
in search of jobs
C Immigration of 40,000 Chinese to the United
States in order to work on the
transcontinental railroad
D Immigration of over one million persons of
Irish descent to the United States for work
in industrial centers in the Northeast
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EffectsThe Treaty of Versailles was signed at the
end of the war and punished Germany
harshly. They were forced to disarm their
military, pay billions of dollars in war
reparations, admit full guilt, and they lost
their colonies. The treaty created new,
weak countries that would eventually fall to
Germany again in WWII.
Isolationism- The US retreated from world
affairs after WWI because they did not want
to get involved again in “someone else’s
war”.
WHAT IS THE CARTOON SAYING ABOUT WOODROW WILSON?
The spirit of postwar isolationism in
America was BEST illustrated in 1920
when the United States Senate
rejected American participation in
the —
A European Union.
B League of Nations.
C North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D Commonwealth of Independent
States.
Causes of US entryLusitania (British ship torpedoed with 128
Americans on board)
Violation of the Sussex Pledge (Germany
continued to sink ships with Americans on board
and they promised to stop sinking ships without
giving adequate warning- they violated this
promise)
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE (Germany’s
use of the submarine or u-boat)
Zimmerman Note (secret agreement Germany
hoped to make with Mexico; they asked Mexico to
attack us if the US got involved in the war to keep
us preoccupied)
Causes of US entryLusitania (British ship torpedoed with 128
Americans on board)
Violation of the Sussex Pledge (Germany
continued to sink ships with Americans on board
and they promised to stop sinking ships without
giving adequate warning- they violated this
promise)
UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE (Germany’s
use of the submarine or u-boat)
Zimmerman Note (secret agreement Germany
hoped to make with Mexico; they asked Mexico to
attack us if the US got involved in the war to keep
us preoccupied)
•EffectsThe Treaty of Versailles was signed at the end of the
war and punished Germany harshly. They were
forced to disarm their military, pay billions of
dollars in war reparations, admit full guilt, and they
lost their colonies. The treaty created new, weak
countries that would eventually fall to Germany
again in WWII.
Isolationism- The US retreated from world affairs
after WWI because they did not want to get involved
again in “someone else’s war”.
As a result, we did not sign the Treaty of Versailles
which established the League of Nations that was
set up as a peace keeping organization designed to
prevent future wars. The League was never
successful due to the US absence.
Flu virus--mutated and was spread around the
world by Americans during the war.
Race riots in Tulsa and Chicago (read page
312)
Inflation in prices
Palmer Raids (investigations for feared
communist…many led to arrest) Read page
313-314
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Sacco and Vanzetti arrest/trial and execution
fear on immigrants (read page 313)
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Warren G. Harding and a “Return to Normalcy”
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The American giant becomes a creditor
nation.