Transcript The United States and Latin America

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The United States and Latin America
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Explain why and how the United States built the
Panama Canal.
• Discuss how presidents expanded upon the
Monroe Doctrine to intervene in the affairs of
Caribbean nations.
• Describe how relations between the United
States and Mexico became strained under
President Wilson.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• Isthmus – a narrow strip of land joining two
larger areas of land
• William C. Gorgas – American expert on
tropical diseases who helped reduce outbreaks
of yellow fever and malaria in Panama
• corollary – a logical extension of a doctrine or
proposition
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• dollar diplomacy – a policy based on the idea
that economic ties were the best way to expand
American influence
• Francisco Villa – Mexican rebel general
pursued unsuccessfully by the United States in
1916
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
How did the United States use the
Monroe Doctrine to justify
intervention in Latin America?
By 1902, the United States was a world power
with a strong economy and overseas colonies.
The nation’s leaders were eager to extend
American power and influence, especially in
Latin America.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
After the Spanish-American War, the United States
wanted a faster route between the Atlantic and
Pacific oceans.
The trip around South
America was 14,000
miles and took two
months.
President Roosevelt
wanted to solve the
problem by building a
canal in Panama.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Isthmus of Panama was an ideal location for
the canal. Panama was a province of Colombia.
Roosevelt offered
Colombia
$10 million plus
$250,000 yearly
rent.
Colombia’s
government
refused. They
wanted more
money.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Roosevelt made a secret deal with the Panamanian
people.
He told them the United States would support
Panama if it claimed independence.
The Panamanians rebelled in 1903. The U.S.
military provided support and recognized
Panama’s independence.
The United States paid Panama for permanent use
and control of part of the isthmus.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1904, the United States began to build a canal
across Panama.
Building could not
begin until yellow
fever and malaria
were controlled. They
were spread by
mosquitoes.
William C. Gorgas
told workers to
drain swamps
where mosquitoes
lived.
By 1906, Gorgas had reduced the incidence of
both diseases in Panama.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Construction of the canal involved three major tasks.
First, they
had to cut
through a
mountain.
Then they
had to dam
a river.
Finally, they
had to erect
the canal’s
giant locks.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The most challenging job was digging the 9-mile
ditch called the Gaillard Cut.
Thousands of laborers faced harsh conditions.
Tropical sun
Heavy rains
Mudslides
Over 6,000 workers died building the canal.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Panama
Canal opened on
August 15, 1914.
The Atlantic
and the Pacific
were joined.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In addition to Panama and Cuba, the United States
extended its influence to many other parts of the
Caribbean. Between 1898 and 1916 the United States
became involved in actions throughout Central America and
the islands of the Caribbean.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Roosevelt wanted the United States to be the
leader on the world stage.
In 1904, Roosevelt
announced that the United
States had the right to act
as an international police
power.
This policy of “carrying a
big stick” became known
as the Roosevelt
Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Later, President William Howard Taft favored
a policy known as dollar diplomacy.
Taft urged the
United States to
invest heavily in
Asia and Latin
America.
He used the
military to protect
these investments.
Many Latin Americans resented U.S. interference.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
American foreign policy asserted a great concentration of
power in the Western Hemisphere.
U.S. Policy in Latin America, 1823–1909
Monroe Doctrine
(1823)
Roosevelt
Corollary (1904)
Dollar Diplomacy
(1909)
Monroe asserts that
the United States
will not permit
European nations to
interfere with the
free nations of Latin
America.
Theodore Roosevelt
reinforces the
Monroe Doctrine by
claiming the right to
use force to prevent
intervention in Latin
America.
Taft’s policy aims to
protect U.S. economic
investments in Latin
America and in other
regions.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
President Wilson believed the United States
should nurture democracy in the world.
Wilson hoped Mexico’s 1911 revolution would lead to democracy.
Wilson said the United States should “watch and wait.”
In 1914, Mexico arrested U.S. sailors in a minor incident.
Wilson sent in the navy. Over 100 Mexicans were killed.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Mexican rebel general Francisco “Pancho” Villa
also drew Wilson into Mexican affairs.
In 1916, Villa’s rebels raided
the town of Columbus, New
Mexico, killing 18 Americans.
Wilson sent General Pershing
to capture Villa, but he was
unsuccessful.