Transcript United States History Chapter16

United States History
Chapter16
Higher Order Thinking Skills
Homework
1.
Describe the impact of technological
advances on turn-of-the-20th Century
urban planning.
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How did engineering innovations help
cities grow upward and outward?
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New implementation of steel-producing
technology led to the emergence of the
“Skyscraper” in American architecture.
What was urban planning and how did it
improve city life?
It was a movement to restore serenity to
urban life through recreational urban parks
(Central Park, NYC – Frederick Law Olmsted)
2.
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Summarize turn of the century
communication innovations.
What effect did advances in paper, printing, and
photography have on publishing and journalism?
– Inventions like the Web-perfecting Press
made newspapers and magazines more
affordable.
How did airplanes revolutionize communications
as well as transportation?
– The implementation of airmail made the
deliver of mail across the nation much faster.
3.
Analyze the expansion of public
education at the turn of the 20th
Century.
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What were the main reasons for the expansion and
improvement of public education?
The economy of the Industrial Age demanded more
advanced technical and managerial skills, which translated to
a need to improve American High Schools.
What factors contributed to the growth of High Schools?
Needs of American Industry, addition of new vocational
courses prepared young males for the workforce.
How did educational experiences differ for African
Americans and immigrants?
African Americans were mainly excluded from the growth in
High School Education in America.
Immigrants were encouraged to attend school as a means to
“Americanize” them.
4.
Describe the growth of higher
education.
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What changes did many Universities
make in their curriculum and why?
Research Schools were formed to help foster
continued industrial growth
Professional Schools were formed for
lawyers and Doctors
How did African Americans work to gain
a higher education?
They formed African American Colleges such
as Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk Universities.
5.
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Trace the historical underpinnings of
legalized segregation and the African
American struggle against racism in the
United States.
What post-Reconstruction voting restrictions were
imposed on African Americans in the South?
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Literacy Tests and Poll Taxes
What were Jim Crow Laws?
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Laws that enforced segregation in Southern States.
What was the significance of the Supreme Court decision
in Plessy v. Ferguson?
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Established that Segregation was legal on the basis of
the “Separate but Equal” Doctrine.
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As long as facilities were equal they could be
separated between white and black.
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The Grim reality was that while facilities were
separate they were rarely equal.
6.
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Summarize turn of the 20th Century
race relations in the North and the
South.
How did African Americans differ in approach to combating
racism?
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Booker T. Washington – African Americans should pursue
vocational education, learn skills, gain economic freedom,
political and social freedom would follow.
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W.E.B. Du Bois – African Americans should seek higher
education and become involved in political activism
demanding their rights as citizens (he founded both the
Niagara Movement and the NAACP).
How were African Americans discriminated against in the
North?
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Through de facto segregation, segregation through custom.
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Segregated housing – ghettos
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Discrimination in the workplace
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Job Competition
7.
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Identify discrimination against
minorities in the American West.
What were the difficulties that Mexican immigrants
encountered in the United States?
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Work that involved low wages and dangerous working
conditions
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Many fell into a system of “debt peonage” where individuals
were forced into slave labor to pay off debts (also effected
many African Americans in the Southwest). Ruled
unconstitutional (violation of the 13th Amendment) in 1911 by
the U.S. Supreme Court.
How were Chinese immigrants treated?
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Job Competition forced Chinese immigrants into segregated
communities.
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The U.S. Government passed the Chinese Exclusion Act
banning the emigration of Chinese workers to the United
States.
8.
Give examples of turn of the 20th
Century leisure activities and popular
sports.
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What leisure activities became popular with
Americans at the turn of the 20th Century?
Amusement Parks (Coney Island), Outdoor Activities
(Bicycling), and attending spectator sports.
What spectator sports did many Americans
enjoy?
Baseball
Boxing
College Football
9.
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Analyze the spread of mass culture in
the United States at the turn of the
20th Century.
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How did the nation’s new newspapers attract readers?
By “sensationalizing” their stories
Joseph Pulitzer based his articles on “sin, sex, and
sensation”.
What were the new artistic movements in the nation?
The Ashcan School brought realism to painting scenes of
urban life
What types of literature gained notoriety at the turn of
the 20th Century?
Most Americans preferred light fiction, American humorist
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) is perhaps the most
famous novelist of the time.
10.
Describe turn of the 20th Century
innovations in marketing and advertising.
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How did the growth of cities change the way in
which goods were sold?
We see the emergence of the Department Store and
Chain Store.
Advertising begins to show up in newspapers and
magazines pitching products to the American
consumer.
How did mail-order catalogs and advertising
contribute to the growth of mass culture?
Advertising and mail-order catalogs brought the nation
together as a people, made the nation more
interdependent, and spread a more “American” culture.