Transcript Chapter 9 Lesson 1

Chapter 9
Lesson 1- World War I
► Fighting
broke out in 1914 in Europe.
Many countries were involved. The United
States stayed neutral, or didn’t take a
side, at first.
► The war was between the Allied Powers
and the Central Powers.
► The Allied Power countries were Britain,
France, and Russia. The Central Powers
were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and
Turkey.
The United States Gets Involved
► Germany
began sinking United States ships.
The United States joined the Allied Powers in
World War 1 in 1917.
► Alabama had 74,000 soldiers to serve in the
war. The 42nd Division, from Alabama, was the
first group of soldiers sent to Europe.
► Alabamians grew vegetables, sewed clothes,
canned food, and built warships to help in the
war.
► The Allied Powers won the war in 1918.
World War I
Heroes of World War I
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Roaring Twenties
► The
1920’s were a time of prosperity.
People had more money, had better jobs,
and the economy boomed.
► Many new inventions such as a car,
vacuum cleaner, radio, and electricity also
improved the lives of Alabamians.
► In 1920 the 19th Amendment was added
and it allowed women the right to vote
Roaring Twenties
Roaring Twenties
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(first segment only)
The Great Depression
► The
good times of the 1920’s came to an end.
People and businesses had borrowed too much
money after World War 1. In October 1929,
people began to sell their stocks, or shares of
companies. The prices of the stocks fell and the
stock market crashed.
► People borrowed more money than their stocks
were worth. Many companies closed and the
workers lost their jobs. Many banks closed too
and people lost all of their savings.
The Great Depression
►A
depression is a time of low
production and when many people cannot
find work.
► Being out of work is called
unemployment.
► The depression lasted so long and was so
severe that it was called the Great
Depression.
The Great Depression in Alabama
► Banks
closed and people lost their life savings
► Mining and steel production dropped
► Many factories closed because didn’t have as
much money to spend (people lost their jobs)
► Large numbers of people lost their homes and
went to soup kitchens and waited in bread lines
for free food.
► Alabama’s state government tried to help by
building camps where people could sleep in tents
and be given food.
The Great Depression
The Great Depression
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Hard Times for Farmers
► During
the Great Depression, Alabama
farmers had planted too many crops and
wore out the soil. This is called
overcropping. The prices of farm
goods fell and people could not afford to
buy farm products.
► There was a huge flood in 1929 that
caused erosion, or the wearing away of
the soil caused by water and wind.
The New Deal
► President
Roosevelt developed a series of
programs known as the New Deal. The plan
lasted from 1933-1939. It brought many jobs to
people across the country.
► The Tennessee Valley Authority hired thousands
of Alabamians to build dams.
► The Civilian Conservation Corps hired 67,000
Alabamians to plant trees to prevent erosion.
► The Works Progress Administration hired
workers to build roads, bridges, and public
buildings.
► These programs helped people to have jobs and
get back on track after the Great Depression.
The New Deal
The New Deal
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World War II
► In
the late 1930’s, Germany, Japan, and Italy began
attacking other countries. In 1939, these attacks led
to World War II.
► The United States stayed out of the war until Japan
bombed the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Dec. 7,
1941.
► During WWII, 250,000 Alabamians served in the war.
450 African Americans served as pilots known as the
Tuskegee Airmen (the first African American
pilots in the U.S. military). They shot down more than
260 enemy planes.
► WWII brought jobs, money, and people to Alabama.
Women worked as welders and filled jobs men held
before leaving for the war.
World War II
► Daily
life changed during the war. Items such
as meat, butter, gasoline, and sugar were
rationed. People planted “victory gardens” to
help supply food.
► After the war ended, inflation was a problem.
Inflation is the sharp rise in prices. This
happened because of the sharp rise in prices
and demand of goods.
► After the war, thousands of African Americans
moved North for jobs. Those who stayed in
Alabama began fighting for equal rights.
World War II
World War II
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Lesson 2- Equal Rights
► The
U.S. economy remained strong after
WW II. Our nation faced other challenges.
► For many years African Americans had faced
discrimination and segregation (blacks and
whites).
► Discrimination- unfair treatment
► Remember,
in 1896, the US Supreme Court said
that places that were “separate but equal” did not
go against the Constitution.
► Because of that, many public places such as
hotels, restaurants, and swimming pools were
segregated.
 African Americans were forced to use back entrances at
restaurants or they had to sit in separate sections.
Some were not allowed to enter at all.
 In Alabama, African Americans had to attend
segregated schools that received less money for
supplies and buildings than other schools did.
In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court said
that all schools had to desegregate.
► Desegregate- end the separation of
people by race
► Some people disagreed with
desegregation, many of these people
were leaders in the schools and
government and so they kept many
schools segregated.
► George C. Wallace was one of the
people who disagreed with
desegregation and tried to stop it.
► Some African Americans challenged
segregation. Autherine Lucy Foster
became the first African American to
attend the University of Alabama.
►
She was expelled because of her race.
Nearly 40 years later, she went back
and finished with a Master’s degree.
Struggling for Equal Rights
► Many
people across the
nation worked for Civil
rights.
► Civil rights- rights that the
United States Constitution
guarantees to all citizens.
► The Civil Rights
Movement gained
strength in Montgomery
in 1955 when Rosa
Parks stood up for her
rights.
► Rosa
Rosa Parks
Parks stood up for her rights when she
refused to give up her seat to a white person, and
she was arrested.
► According to the law in Alabama, black passengers
could sit in the middle of the bus, but only if white
passengers did not want those seats.
► As a result, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., a church
minister and civil rights worker, helped organize
the Montgomery Bus Boycott in protest.
► Boycott- an organized refusal to buy goods or
services.
2 min. Rosa Parks Video on
Bio.com
►
Dr. King became the leader of the
Civil Rights Movement. He
encouraged people to use
nonviolence to gain equal rights.
►
Nonviolence- the use of peaceful
protest and education
►
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a
nonviolent protest that lasted 381
days. Finally, Frank M. Johnson Jr.,
a federal judge from Alabama, ruled
that Montgomery’s bus segregation
law was illegal.
Birmingham Church Bombing
Some people who were
against the Civil Rights
movement used violence
to protest. On September
15, 1963, a bomb
exploded at the Sixteenth
Avenue Baptist Church in
Birmingham. Four young
girls were killed in the
explosion.
► The church was targeted
because it had been used
to organize civil rights
events earlier that spring.
►
After the bombing…
► Dr.
King and other civil rights supporters
were determined to gain equal rights.
► The U.S. government soon decided that civil
rights laws were needed to protect African
American citizens.
► The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made
segregation illegal in all public places.
► After
the Civil Rights Act was passed, the
Civil Rights movement focused on voting
rights.
► In March 1965, Dr. King organized a march
from Selma to Montgomery to protest laws
in the South that kept African Americans
from voting.
► The marchers were stopped by police
officers before they even left Selma. So, Dr.
King asked for federal protection for the
marchers.
► Judge Frank M. Johnson ruled that civil
rights supporters had the right to march.
The March
►
►
►
On March 21, about 3,200
people from across the
U.S. made another
attempt to march to
Montgomery.
This time they were
protected by federal
troops.
By the time they reached
Montgomery on March
25th, the number of
marchers had grown to
about 25,000!
7:45 Video on PBS.org
► The
Selma-to-Montgomery
March brought national
attention to the struggles
of African Americans in
the South.
► In August the U.S.
Congress passed the
Voting Rights Act of 1965
to protect the right of all
Americans to vote.
Celebrating Changes
►
►
►
►
The Civil Rights movement brought many
changes to Alabama and the rest of the
nation.
Segregation was made illegal and African
Americans were finally able to vote.
Soon African Americans began running for
and winning political offices throughout the
South.
Richard Arrington Jr. was elected as
Birmingham's mayor in 1978. Arrington
was reelected in 1983 and 1988. In 2000,
James Perkins Jr. became the first African
American mayor of Selma. His election
defeated the former mayor who had held
office for 36 years.