Transcript THEME: The sectional conflict over the expansion of slavery that

Why were the Fugitive Slave Act
and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
factors that led to conflict?
1. Who was Chief Justice for the Dred Scott
case?
2. Who “won” the election for Kansas’
sovereignty?
3. Stephen Douglas was a member of what
political party?
4. What happened at Potawatomie Creek?
5. What was the nick-name for anti-slavery
settlers in Kansas-Nebraska?
Kansas-Nebraska Act
An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United
States of America in Congress assembled, That all that part of the
territory of the United States included within the following limits, except
such portions thereof as are hereinafter expressly exempted from the
operations of this act, to wit: beginning at a point in the Missouri River
where the fortieth parallel of north latitude crosses the same; then west on
said parallel to the east boundary of the Territory of Utah, the summit of
the Rocky Mountains; thence on said summit northwest to the forty-ninth
parallel of north latitude; thence east on said parallel to the western
boundary of the territory of Minnesota; thence southward on said
boundary to the Missouri River; thence down the main channel of said
river to the place of beginning, be, and the same is hereby, created into a
temporary government by the name of the Territory Nebraska; and when
admitted as a State or States, the said Territory or any portion of the
same, shall be received into the Union with without slavery, as their
constitution may prescribe at the time of the admission (BOLD
ITALICS MINE).
Map: The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Bleeding Kansas
• Kansas-Nebraska Act Nullifies Missouri
Compromise
• Territories to be settled slave or free by popular
sovereignty (Stephen Douglas’ compromise)
• Implied - Kansas to be Slave and Nebraska Free
• Free-soilers try to settle Kansas, touches off
sectional conflict
• Only 2 slaves in Kansas, only 15 in Nebraska,
• “an imaginary negro in an imaginary place”
Bleeding Kansas
• 1855: 1st Election in Kansas Territory
• Missourians (Slaveholders) cross border illegally &
win election, then pass Lecompton Constitution
(pro-slavery)
• Free-soilers elect their own state govt. & own
constitution.
• 1856 Free-soiler settlement at Lawrence, KS
attacked by pro-slavery militia of over 800 men.
Town is sacked.
• John Brown retaliates at Pottawatomie Creek,
murders 5, leads to deaths of over 200.
• Civil strife continues in Kansas until end of Civil
Armed antislavery men with John Doy
Armed antislavery men with John Doy
Though no one would deny that their cause was noble, many of the men who flocked to Kansas to
resist the expansion of slavery were no less violent than their proslavery adversaries. This
photograph, taken in 1859, shows a gang of armed antislavery men who had just broken an
accomplice (John Doy, seated) out of jail in neighboring St. Joseph, Missouri. Like proslavery
"Border Ruffians," many of these men also served in guerrilla bands during the Civil War and some
went on to careers as famous outlaws after the war was over. (Kansas State Historical Society)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Free State Battery, 1856
Free State Battery, 1856
The slave state of Missouri opposed the entry of antislavery advocates for years and,
by the 1850s, actively tried to prevent their passage through Missouri on the way to
Kansas. "Free-staters" traveled through Iowa instead, often bringing arms with them.
This small cannon, left over from the Mexican War, helped create "Bleeding
Kansas." (Kansas State Historical Society)
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Map: Bleeding Kansas
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
SUMMARY: The artist lays on the Democrats the major
blame for violence perpetrated against antislavery
settlers in Kansas in the wake of the Kansas-Nebraska
Act. Here a bearded "freesoiler" has been bound to the
"Democratic Platform" and is restrained by two Lilliputian
figures, presidential nominee James Buchanan and
Democratic senator Lewis Cass. Democratic senator
Stephen A. Douglas and president Franklin Pierce, also
shown as tiny figures, force a black man into the giant's
gaping mouth. The freesoiler's head rests on a platform
marked "Kansas," "Cuba," and "Central America,"
probably referring to Democratic ambitions for the
extension of slavery. In the background left is a scene of
burning and pillage; on the right a dead man hangs from
a tree. CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1856. NOTES: [Drawn
by John L. Magee]
Bleeding Kansas
• 1857: Kansas applies for statehood as slave state
• Admission opposed by Douglas, wants democratic
result
• Admission supported by Pres. Buchanan
• Buchanan and Douglas split the Democratic party
• New referendum called, Free-soilers win.
• South delays statehood request of a Free Kansas
• Statehood delayed until 1861
Violence in the Senate
• Charles Sumner, abolitionist senator, delivers
speech entitled “The Crime Against Kansas,”
attacking slavery and Southern Senators.
• Sumner is attacked by Preston Brooks on
Senate Floor and beaten with a cane.
• Sumner suffers severe head injuries and is
unable to serve in Senate for 3 years.
• N & S split in reaction to event. “First blows” of
Civil War.
Southern Chivalry
Southern Chivalry
Cartoons like this one, showing the beating of antislavery Senator Charles Sumner
by Preston "Bully" Brooks, confirmed northern images of white southerners as
people who prided themselves on their genteel manners but who behaved like street
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
toughs. (Library of Congress)
Dred Scott Decision - 1857
• Dred Scott lives in Illinois and Wisconsin for 5 years –
free states. He argues he has become free by living
there.
• Supreme Court, led by Roger B. Taney, decides
– Slaves cannot sue in court b/c they are not full
citizens
– Slaves are private property, govt. cannot take away
property w/o due process
HISTORICAL CONSEQUENCES:
Kansas-Nebraska Act, Missouri
Compromise, and Compromise of 1850 are
now UNCONSTITUTIONAL!!!
“The question is simply this: Can a negro, whose ancestors were imported
into this country, and sold as slaves, become a member of the political
community formed and brought into existence by the Constitution of
the United States, and as such become entitled to all the rights, and
privileges, and immunities, guarantied by that instrument to the
citizen? One of which rights is the privilege of suing in a court of the
United States in the cases specified in the Constitution....”
“It is impossible, it would seem, to believe that the great men of the
slaveholding States, who took so large a share in framing the
Constitution of the United States, and exercised so much influence in
procuring its adoption, could have been so forgetful or regardless of
their own safety and the safety of those who trusted and confided in
them.... “
“Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears
by the record before us that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of
Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Constitution;
and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no
jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judgment
for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate
issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.”
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h1532.html
Dred Scott v Sanford, March 1857
How was the debate
over slavery leading to
violence?
John Brown's body
John Brown's body lies a-mold'ring in the
grave
John Brown's body lies a-mold'ring in the
grave
John Brown's body lies a-mold'ring in the
grave
His soul goes marching on
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
John Brown died that the slave might be free,
But his soul is marching on!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly
down
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly
He captured Harper's Ferry with his nineteen down
men so true
The stars above in Heaven are looking kindly
He frightened old Virginia till she trembled
down
through and through
On the grave of old John Brown
They hung him for a traitor, themselves the
traitor crew
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
His soul is marching on
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
Glory, Glory! Hallelujah!
“In 1861 Julia Ward Howe wife of a government official, wrote a poe
for Atlantic Monthly for five dollars. The magazine called it,