Transcript Chapter 21 - Guthrie Public Schools

Learning goals
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The student will understand Oklahomans
contributions in WWII, the polio epidemic,
the veteran’s return, the end of
segregation and the reasons why we
entered the Korean War.
Oklahoma Veterans
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August 6, 1945 Enola Gay drops Atomic bomb on
Hiroshima in Japan.
This was the first use of nuclear weapon
3 days later Nagasaki bombed
August 15 Japan surrenders.
Ends WWII-406,000 Americans killed
Almost 500,000 Oklahomans served during WWII
6400 Oklahomans killed in WWII
Many Oklahomans gained high ranks
Patrick J. Hurley served as secretary of war for President
Hoover
Oklahoma Veterans con’t.
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Clarence Tinker commanded air corps in Hawaii and
killed during Battle of Midway
General Lucius Truscott commanded Fifth Army
during invasion of France
Lt. General Ray S. McLain commanded the field
artillery for the 45th division in invasion of Sicily and
commanded 13th Division Field artillery in Normandy.
Was the only man in Army to rise from Civilian to
Lieutenant General
Joseph James Clark commanded the aircraft carrier
U.S.S. Yorktown in the Pacific
Polio Epidemic
1940’s Polio epidemic hits children hard
and when many veterans returned they
found that their children, brothers, sisters,
wives had lost an arm or a leg due to Polio
 Vaccine was perfected in 1955 by Dr.
Jonas Salk which pretty much eliminated
the disease.
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After the War
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Unemployment rose with the return of Veterans
President Truman warned country that inflation and
depression were possible if proper balance was not
kept
Prices soared and wages dropped
Rationing continued, especially on sugar and coffee.
Anything rubber was hard to get. Especially tires.
Manufacturers had not made vehicles during the war
and when it was over they could not make enough
vehicles to catch up and keep up.
Gasoline rationing was lifted so people started
traveling more so road building was needed
Integrating Higher Education
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Cracks began to appear in the wall of segregation
which separated white students from AfricanAmerican students in the state in the late 1940s. Ada
Lois Sipuel, a Langston University honor graduate
from Chickasha, was denied admission to the
University of Oklahoma School of Law in 1946.
Because of the segregation laws passed by
Oklahoma’s first legislature, school officials were
under penalty of fine and/or imprisonment if they
admitted her to a “white” school.
In 1948, the United States Supreme Court ruled that
African-American students must be provided the
same education privileges as white students, so the
state legislature established the “Langston
University School of Law for Negroes” in the State
Capitol Building.
Higher Ed cont.
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Subsequently, George W.
McLaurin, former Langston
University faculty member, was
admitted to the University of
Oklahoma Graduate School, but
he was required to sit in
separate areas and even to eat
at a separate cafeteria table.
In 1950, the United States
Supreme Court ruled in
McLaurin vs. Oklahoma Board
of Regents that segregation
within the university put
McLaurin at a disadvantage and
violated his 14th Amendment
rights.
The decision initiated the
complete desegregation of
higher education in Oklahoma
and was the first in a series of
decisions which brought about
desegregation of higher
education across the nation.
The Korean Conflict
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Just five years after the end of World War II, another war was declared
in Korea.
The 45th Infantry Division was mobilized and sent to Japan for training
The 45th Infantry gained so much territory that the Chinese
communists marked them as a formidable enemy and began sending
larger and larger units of force to overcome them.
On one occasion, an officer of the 45th, who was a music teacher in
the public schools in civilian life, listened carefully to the Chinese
bugle signals during battle. At the next attack, when the Chinese
infantry was crossing a field in the open, he played their “retreat”
signal on a captured Chinese bugle. His rendition sounded so
authentic that the Chinese buglers thought it was an order and
repeated it. Mass confusion occurred among the advancing
communist troops, giving the Thunderbirds, who were outnumbered
eight-to-one, the advantage they needed to stop the attack and destroy
the Chinese formation.
In April, 1954, the Thunderbirds came home. Once again, they had
proved that the 45th Infantry Division could get the job done.
Chapter 21 Quiz
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1.) What was the most notable weapon that was
used for the first time in World War II?
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2.) Who did the United States use this weapon
against?
a.) China
b.) Japan
c.) Germany
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3.) Home many Oklahomans were killed during
WWII?
a.) Around 6000
b.) Around 60,000
c.) Around 600,000
4.) What prominent role did Patrick Hurley
obtain during in the military?
a.) He became the Commander in Chief
b.) He became Major General of the 45th
Division
c.) He became the Secretary of War for
President Hoover
5.) What disease turned into an epidemic during
period?
a.) Polio
b.) Smallpox
c.) The Black Plague
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6.) Who created the vaccine for this disease?
a.) Patrick Hurley
b.) Lucius Truscott
c.) Jonas Salk
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7.) Describe one effect that this disease had on
people.
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8.) What would happen to a school official
during this time if he or she admitted an
“African American” into a “white” school?
a.) They would be thought of as being
courageous for following the law although they
knew they would have a lot of resistance
b.) They could be fined or put in prison for
breaking the law
c.) Although they were following the law, they
still could be fined to racial tensions and denial
of the law by many.
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9.) What court decision in Oklahoma became
the beginning of desegregation for Oklahoma
Institutions of higher education?
a.) Plessy vs. Ferguson
b.) Brown vs. Oklahoma Board of Regents
c.) Mc Laurin vs. Oklahoma Board of Regent
10.) What conflict broke out just five years after
WWII had ended?
a.) The Vietnam War
b.) The War in the Pacific
c.) The Korean War
Chapter 21 Quiz
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1.) What was the most notable weapon
that was used for the first time in World
War II?
•
6.) Who created the vaccine for this disease?
•
7.) Describe one effect that this disease had on
people.
•
8.) What would happen to a school official
during this time if he or she admitted an
“African American” into a “white” school?
a.) They would be thought of as being
courageous for following the law although they
knew they would have a lot of resistance
b.) They could be fined or put in prison for
breaking the law
c.) Although they were following the law, they
still could be fined to racial tensions and denial
of the law by many.
2.) Who did the United States use this
weapon against?
3.) Home many Oklahomans were killed
during WWII?
a.) Around 6000
b.) Around 60,000
c.) Around 600,000
4.) What prominent role did Patrick
Hurley obtain during in the military?
a.) He became the Commander in Chief
b.) He became Major General of the 45th
Division
c.) He became the Secretary of War for
President Hoover
5.) What disease turned into an epidemic
during period?
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9.) What court decision in Oklahoma became
the beginning of desegregation for Oklahoma
Institutions of higher education?
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10.) What conflict broke out just five years after
WWII had ended?