Transcript PresentationExpress - Davis School District

1980s To 2014
Highlights
Fashion
Jelly shoes
Big hair
Mullets
Shoulder pads
Bangs
Pegged, acid-wash jeans w/ side slit
Media
Dukes of Hazard
Ferris Bueller’s Day Off
Miami Vice
Specialized TV Stations
Music
Billy Idol
Whitesnake
Duran Duran
U2
Madonna
Technology
CD
player
VCR:
$1276
USA Olympic Hockey Team
• Mike Eruzione
Ronald Reagan
Nancy and Ronald Reagan
•
•
•
•
•
•
Reagan was a Hollywood movie star
Governor of California
Elected in 1980
“the Great Communicator”: Soviet jokes
First Divorced president
Elected by the “Moral Majority”
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The major political parties in the United
States in the late 20th century were the
Democrats and the Republicans.
Democrats were often
labeled liberals.
Republicans were usually
conservatives.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Liberal viewpoint
• Favored more government involvement to
lessen extreme economic inequalities
through social programs
• (often leading to higher taxes)
• government regulation of industry
• Favor liberal social agenda (gay rights,
abortion)
• Protect the environment
• Favored international diplomacy to combat
communism in other countries
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Conservative viewpoint
• Favored limited government involvement in
business and welfare
• stimulate economic growth by reducing taxes
• decreasing regulation of industry
• Favored relying on our own national defense
and actively fighting against communism in
other countries
• Traditional Family
• Use of Environment
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Conservatives argued that the government
taxed too heavily and complained about
unfunded mandates.
They also thought that President Johnson’s
promise of a Great Society increased poverty
and even contributed to the decline of
traditional family values.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Religious groups began to actively support the
conservative movement.
The Moral Majority, a
political organization
formed by Rev. Jerry
Falwell, worked to fulfill
religious goals.
It backed the Republican
Party.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1980, the conservatives were back.
Ronald Reagan won the presidency with 50.6
percent of the popular vote.
The Republicans achieved a majority in the
Senate for the first time in 25 years.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Reagan based his
economic policy on the
theory of supply-side
economics. He believed
that lower taxes would
increase spending.
Some people referred to
his economic policies as
Reaganomics.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
•
Reagan’s Economic Recovery
Act of 1981 cut taxes by 25
percent.
•
He convinced Congress to cut
$40 billion from the federal
budget, largely from social
programs.
•
He brought deregulation to
industries including the
banking, telecommunications,
and airline industries.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In spite of Reagan’s policies, the economy
experienced a severe recession lasting from
1980 to 1982.
•
More than 10 percent of workers were
unemployed.
•
Blue-collar workers were hit especially hard.
•
The number of poor people grew, while the
richest percentage of Americans became
richer.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The recession ended in 1983. The economy began
to rebound, but other economic problems persisted.
Reagan increased defense spending, but he did not persuade
Congress to make huge budget cuts in other areas.
Nevertheless, the federal budget deficit grew from $79
billion in 1981 to $221 billion in 1986.
The national debt rose to $2.5 trillion.
Reagan’s Military
• “Star Wars:” March 1983,
Reagan authorized the
Strategic Defense Initiative
to intercept nuclear
missiles.
• It wasn’t possible-----but
don’t tell the Russians that
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
President Reagan believed that communism could
be weakened by building up the American military.
Reagan did not think
that the Soviet Union
could afford to spend as
much on defense.
The military build-up
included the Strategic
Defense Initiative.
Defense spending rose
dramatically.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Reagan administration also aimed to
weaken the Soviet Union by supporting
anticommunist groups around the world.
•
Afghanistan – U.S.–backed guerillas fought
Soviet forces.
•
El Salvador - The U.S. backed the right-wing
government against leftist rebels.
•
Grenada - U.S. troops invaded to prevent the
nation from becoming a communist outpost.
•
Nicaragua - The U.S. backed Contras to prevent
the new government from providing the Soviets
with a “safe house” in America’s backyard.
Some of these actions were legally questionable.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Iran-Contra affair damaged Reagan’s reputation
during his second term.
In 1985, the
United States
sold weapons
to Iran.
In return, Iran
pressured
Lebanese terror
groups to release
some American
hostages.
The U.S used
the money from
gun sales to
secretly fund
the Contras in
Nicaragua.
But Congress banned sending funds to the Contras in 1983.
Several leading Reagan officials were convicted in this
scandal, but Reagan remained popular after he left office.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Mikhail Gorbachev became the president
of the Soviet Union in 1985.
His twin policies of glasnost and
perestroika moved the Soviet
Union away from socialism and
marked the beginning of a new
era in U.S.–Soviet relations.
Some scholars also credit Reagan’s arms buildup
with hastening the collapse of the Soviet Union.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
In 1989, several Eastern European nations
ousted their communist regimes.
• Poland
• Hungary
• Czechoslovakia
• Germany
• Bulgaria
• Romania
The fall of the Berlin Wall
in Germany symbolized
the end of communism
in Europe.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Soviet Union broke apart in 1991.
Newly elected President
George H.W. Bush signed
agreements with
Gorbachev and his
successor, President Boris
Yeltsin.
They pledged friendship,
cooperation, and reduction
in the buildup of nuclear
weapons.
The Cold War, which had lasted more than
45 years, was finally over.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
But the United States continued to confront
trouble in the Middle East.
The United States clashed with Libya throughout the 1980s.
In 1983, 241 American marines were killed in Lebanon.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Despite the deficit, the growing economy made
Reagan a very popular president who strengthened
the conservative cause.
He appointed
conservative
justices to the
Supreme Court,
including Sandra
Day O’Connor,
the first female
justice.
He promoted
legislation allowing
religious groups
access to public
school facilities.
Reagan easily won reelection in 1984, but the Democrats
retained control of the House of Representatives.
Sandra Day O’Connor
Nominated in 1981 as the first woman female
Supreme Court Justice
The Judicial Shift
Sandra Day O’Connor
William Rehnquist
Antonin Scalia
Anthony Kennedy
Social Problems
Crime, Drugs, Homelessness, AIDS
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Another challenge faced the nation, in
the form of a new disease called Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
President Reagan
responded slowly to the
AIDS crisis. Funding for
research on the disease
rose during George H.W.
Bush’s term.
Nevertheless, by 1994,
AIDS had killed more than
250,000 Americans.
Immigration
• Immigration and Reform
Act 1986
– made it illegal to hire or recruit
illegal immigrants knowingly;
– legalized certain seasonal
agricultural illegal immigrants,
and;
– legalized illegal immigrants
who entered the United States
before January 1, 1982
The Space Program
• April 12, 1981: space shuttle
Columbia takes off.
• 1983: Sally Ride is the 1st
woman in space.
• January 1986: space shuttle
Challenger explodes shortly
after takeoff, killing all 7
crew members aboard.
Space Race continues
• Challenger explosion
• Jan. 28, 1986
• Blew up 73 seconds after take off, 7 crewmen
killed
• Christa McAuliffe was aboard: a junior high
and high school social studies teacher.
– She was chosen out of 11,000 applicants
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Reagan’s Vice
President
George H.W.
Bush
won the
presidency in
1988.
He won by calling for
a “kinder, gentler
nation” and
promising not
to raise taxes.