Transcript AHON Chapter 20 Section 2 Lecture Notes

TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The Spanish-American War
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Objectives
• Describe how Americans reacted to the revolt in
Cuba.
• Identify the reasons the United States declared
war on Spain.
• Explain how the Spanish-American War led to
the creation of an American overseas empire.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People
• reconcentration – the forced movement of
large numbers of people into detention camps
for military or political reasons
• José Martí – Cuban poet and advocate for
Cuban independence
• William Randolph Hearst – newspaper owner
who ran sensational stories about Cuba in the
New York Journal
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Terms and People (continued)
• Emilio Aguinaldo – leader of Filipino rebels
who helped the United States seize Manila and
later fought the United States for Filipino
independence
• protectorate – an independent country whose
policies are controlled by an outside power
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
What were the causes and effects of
the Spanish-American War?
At the close of the nineteenth century, America
was drifting toward war with Spain.
The United States would emerge as a world
power with interests around the globe.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Cuba lies 90 miles off the coast of Florida. Prior to 1895,
Cuba was ruled by Spain.
In 1895, Cubans
rose up against
Spain’s harsh rule.
Spain forced many
Cubans into
detention camps, a
process called
reconcentration.
Two hundred thousand Cubans died in camps due to lack
of food and poor sanitation.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Many Americans were sympathetic to the
Cuban rebels.
Cuban poet José
Martí led Cuban
exiles in urging the
U.S. to help the
rebels.
William Randolph
Hearst ran
sensational stories
about Cuba in the
New York Journal.
President Cleveland, and later President McKinley,
tried to maintain neutrality.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Many Americans wanted to protect America’s
$50 million investment in Cuba.
This investment included sugar and rice plantations,
railroads, and iron mines.
When fighting broke out in Havana in 1898, President
McKinley sent in the battleship Maine.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
On February 15, 1898, a great explosion sank the
Maine, killing 260 Americans.
• Most Americans
blamed Spain.
• War fever swept
the United States.
On April 20, 1898,
the United States
declared war on
Spain.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The first great battle of the war took place in the
Philippines, far from Cuba.
On May 1, the U.S. Navy sank the
entire Spanish squadron at Manila Bay.
Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo then
helped U.S. troops seize Manila.
The United States controlled the Philippine Islands.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The war’s focus next shifted to Cuba. Americans
were ill-prepared but eager to fight.
On July 1, Theodore
Roosevelt led his unit,
the Rough Riders, on a
charge up San Juan Hill.
San Juan
Hill
Their victory was the most celebrated event
of the war.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The two fronts in the Spanish-American War were
on opposite sides of the world.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
A series of U.S. victories led to the end of the war.
U.S. ships
trapped and
destroyed
the Spanish
fleet in
Cuba.
Spain
surrendered
Cuba to the
United
States.
Americans
took control
of Puerto
Rico, another
Spanish
possession.
In December 1898, Spain and the United States
signed a peace treaty, ending the war.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
1898 Peace Treaty
Spain
Granted Cuban
independence.
Gave the United
States Puerto Rico,
the Philippines, and
the islands of Guam
and Wake.
The United States
Paid Spain $20
million.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
Americans were divided over the treaty with Spain.
Against the Treaty
Taking colonies
violates the right
to self-government
and raises the risk
of war.
For the Treaty
The treaty gives
the United States
important bases.
We have a duty to
spread democracy.
The Senate ratified the treaty on February 6, 1899.
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The United States replaced Spain as the
leading Caribbean power.
Cuba did not gain true independence.
In 1902, the Platt
Amendment gave the
United States power to
intervene in Cuban
affairs.
Cuba became a U.S.
protectorate.
One Cuban wrote that
Cuba was “as free as a
dog on a leash.”
TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas.
The United States faced different challenges in
Puerto Rico and the Philippines.
Puerto Rico
The Philippines
The Foraker Act of 1900
gave Puerto Ricans
limited rule.
Emilio Aguinaldo led a
fight for independence,
but was captured in
1901.
Puerto Ricans became
U.S. citizens in 1917.
The United States
remained in control until
1946.