Transcript Chapter 5 Lesson 1 Day 1

Which one depicts Japan’s point of view and which one depicts the
United States point of view?
Discussion
Why was this event called the “opening”
of Japan?
U.S. actions forced Japan to open its
country to trade.
Why does the image from the Japanese
point of view depict ships as monsters?
The Japanese fear or dislike the foreigners.
Who are the people in the image called
“heathens,” from the U.S. point of view?
the Japanese
Opening of Japan
The word heathen at that time referred to
people or cultures that were not Christian.
The word carries the negative connotation
“uncivilized.”
The reasons for portraying the “opening” of
Japan as a religious mission rather than an
economic foray to Asia.
Motives for Expansion
European Expansion In the late 1800s, European nations established colonies overseas
to acquire the raw materials needed to feed their factories. The United States began to
develop similar interests.
Social Darwinism To justify expansion, some Americans promoted the Social Darwinist
idea that only the strongest, most competitive nations survive.
Anglo-Saxonism Many Americans insisted that English-speaking (Anglo-Saxon)
nations had superior societies. Linked with the concept of Manifest Destiny, this AngloSaxonism gave the United States the “right” to expand overseas.
Defending U.S. Interests Overseas To defend the nation’s growing interests abroad and
to retain access to foreign markets, some Americans urged a buildup of the navy and the
acquisition of naval bases overseas.
Captain Alfred T. Mahan Mahan, a navy officer, wrote an influential book that argued
in favor of a large navy to protect U.S. merchant ships. Powerful senators and
government officials strongly supported Mahan’s ideas.
Congressional Authorization Congress approved the building of a new navy based in
part on Mahan’s ideas, in part on business demand for new markets, and in part on the
rising notion that the United States was destined to dominate the world.
Why did Americans wish to expand beyond
their borders?
Some people believed that the United States had a
right to expand overseas due to Anglo-Saxonism,
and that only the strongest societies would survive
under Social Darwinism. Others were attracted by
the economic resources and markets available
overseas, and wished to have access to those
resources through direct control or trade.
How does the graph demonstrate
economic imperialism?
Exports increased while imports
decreased.
How do these changes reflect U.S.
motivations for expansion?
The changes reflect U.S. desire to reach new
markets, because new markets should enable the
country to export more products.
U.S. Expansion in the Pacific
Navy Sent to Japan Fearful of cultural contamination, Japan restricted
trade to the Chinese and Dutch. In 1852 President Millard Fillmore
decided to force Japan to trade with the United States by sending a
naval expedition to negotiate a trade treaty.
Perry Opens Japan In July 1853, Perry’s four U.S. warships sailed
into Edo Bay. Their firepower impressed and alarmed the Japanese,
who soon signed the Treaty of Kanagawa, which opened Japan to trade
with the United States.
Refueling Port at Pago Pago To facilitate trade across the Pacific, the
United States sought ports at which ships could refuel and resupply. In
1878 the United States obtained permission to build a base on the
Samoan island of Pago Pago, whose harbor was one of the best in the
South Pacific. Pago Pago became the U.S. protectorate, American
Samoa.
Background
The Treaty of Kanagawa also called for peace between the
two countries; promised help for any Americans
shipwrecked off the Japanese coast; and gave U.S. ships
permission to buy supplies in two designated Japanese
ports. Forcing Japan to open trade played an important role
in Japanese history. Japanese leaders concluded that it was
time to remake their society. They adopted Western
technology and launched their own industrial revolution.
By the 1890s, the Japanese had a powerful navy and had
begun building their own empire in Asia.
Annexing Hawaii
Sugar Industry Born For many years, Hawaii had been a resupply stop for
whalers and merchant ships. In 1819 missionaries from New England arrived
in Hawaii, where the climate and soil proved perfect for growing sugarcane.
By the mid-1800s, settlers from the United States had established many
plantations on the islands.
Navy Base at Pearl Harbor In return for exempting Hawaiian sugar from
tariffs, Hawaii granted the United States the right to build a naval base at Pearl
Harbor.
Monarchy Overthrown The Hawaiian sugar industry brought great wealth to
the American plantation owners. In 1887 they pressured the Hawaiian king
into accepting a constitution that restricted his authority. In 1893 they
overthrew Queen Liliuokalani, with the help of U.S. marines.
Annexation Delayed President Cleveland strongly opposed imperialism. He
refused to annex Hawaii and tried to return Liliuokalani to power. Hawaii’s
new leaders declined to restore the queen and decided to wait until Cleveland
left office. Then, in 1898, President McKinley signed a bill allowing the
United States to annex Hawaii.
How did the search for new markets in East
Asia push the United States to become a world
power?
U.S. ships needed ports at which they could refuel
and resupply while crossing the Pacific Ocean,
and the United States acquired ports in places
such as American Samoa and Hawaii.
How did the nation’s actions reflect the
policy of imperialism?
Imperialists wished to expand the U.S.
economy by accessing overseas resources
and markets, and that establishing holdings
overseas eased trade to support that goal.
Diplomacy in Latin America
Economic and Political Motives In the 1800s, the United States
sought to open up markets in Latin America for its manufactured
goods. Americans also hoped to make it clear to Europeans that the
United States was the dominant power in the region.
Pan-Americanism The idea that nations throughout the entire Western
Hemisphere should work together was conceived by Secretary of State
James G. Blaine in the 1880s. He hoped that cooperation would help
prevent wars and increase trade, while at the same time strengthen U.S.
influence in Latin America in part by reinforcing the Monroe Doctrine.
Monroe Doctrine This policy, introduced in 1823 by President James
Monroe, closed off the Americas to further colonization, especially by
Europeans eager to take economic advantage of newly independent
nations of Latin America. In effect, it set aside Latin America as a
sphere of influence of the United States.
Why did the United States want to reduce
European influence in the Western
Hemisphere?
U.S. business leaders and government officials
wanted Latin Americans to buy manufacture goods
from the United States, not Europe. They also
feared that European powers might try to
dominate Latin America.
How did Secretary of State Blaine
attempt to increase U.S. influence in
Latin America?
He pushed for Pan-Americanism, which
called for the United States and Latin
America to work together to resolve
disputes and to cooperate in trade.
Which of the three motives for imperialism is Blaine expressing—
economic, cultural, or military?
Blaine is promoting the economic motive for imperialism.
The nation still has overseas holdings such as American
Samoa but no longer works to acquire new territories as it did in
the past.