Transcript Imperialism Notes - U.S. Honors American Imperialism2

American Imperialism
How the United States Became a
World Power
Imperialism Defined
The policy of extending a nation’s authority by territorial
acquisition or by the establishment of economic and
political hegemony over other nations.
OR
The policy, practice, or advocacy of extending the power
and dominion of a nation, especially by direct territorial
acquisition or by gaining indirect control over the political
or economic life of other areas.
OR…
Meaning?
Territorial Expansion
• 1823 Monroe Doctrine declares Latin America to be in
the United States "sphere of influence."
• 1846 The U.S. provokes war with Mexico and acquires
half of its territory, including Texas and California.
• 1867 Purchase of Alaska (Seward’s Folly)
• 1867 Secured the rights to Midway Island
• 1893 Overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in Hawaii
• 1898 Spanish-American War (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam,
Philippines)
• 1898 Annexation of Hawaii
• 1899 Open Door Policy in China
• 1904 construction of the Panama Canal began
Why?
•
•
•
•
•
Commercial /Business Interests
Military or Strategic Interests
Religious or Missionary Interests
Ideas of Social Darwinism
Closing of the American Frontier
The White Man's Burden
By Rudyard Kipling
McClure's Magazine 12 (Feb. 1899).
Take up the White Man's burden-Send forth the best ye breed-Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
Hawaii
• Descendants of New England
Missionaries to Hawaii in the
1820s
• Hawaii became a protectorate of
the US in1849
• A successful revolt led by a white
minority in 1893 resulted in the
removal of the native monarch,
Queen Liliuokalani .
• Hawaii, annexed in 1898 by joint
resolution of Congress, was used
as a naval deposit during the
Spanish American War.
Queen Lydia
Liliuokalani
Sanford
Ballard Dole
Spanish American War
• Jan 1898 - USS Maine was ordered to
Havana harbor 15 Feb - USS Maine
mysteriously blew up in Havana harbor
• 19-20 Apr - War was declared against
Spain
• "a splendid little war"
– Of 274,000 men, 5,462 died (362 in battle)
and 1,604 were wounded
Results of the War
• Spain partly lost to avoid civil war at home
• Gained unofficial control over Cuba (had
independence with restrictions: Can invade
anytime, Guantanamo Bay set up, no treaties
with other nations)
• Guam and Puerto Rico become part of the U.S.
(commonwealths)
• The Philippines are ceded to the U.S. for
$20,000,000
• The U.S. gains an empire
Philippine/American War 18991913
• Filipinos fought with us against Spain
• We replaced Spain: 20 million people without
their consent
• They had already declared independence
• Long, bloody war: 1 million Filipinos killed in five
years, guerilla warfare = concentration camps!!
Mainly civilians
• “Kill everyone over 10” “Ni**er killing business”
• Aguinaldo their hero and president, once he was
captured it was over
• Never called a war – titled “Philipine
insurrection”
A history of U.S. intervention in
Latin America and the Caribbean
• 1823: The Monroe Doctrine declares Latin
America to be in the United States "sphere of
influence."
• 1846: The U.S. provokes war with Mexico and
acquires half of its territory, including Texas and
California.
• 1855: U.S. adventurer William Walker invades
Nicaragua with a private army, declares himself
president, and rules for 2 years.
• 1898: The U.S. declares war on Spain and as a
result annexes Guam, Puerto Rico, the
Philippines and Hawaii.
A history of U.S. intervention in
Latin America and the Caribbean
• 1901 : With the Platt Amendment, the U.S. declares its
unilateral right to intervene in Cuban affairs.
• 1903: The U.S. encourages Panama's independence
from Colombia in order to acquire the Panama Canal
rights.
• 1905: The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
declares the U.S. to be the policeman of the Caribbean;
the Dominican Republic is placed under a customs
receivership.
• 1912 : U.S. Marines invade Nicaragua and occupy the
country almost continuously until 1933.
• 1914: Mexican refusal to salute the U.S. flag provokes
the shelling of Veracruz by a U.S. battleship and the
seizure of parts of the city by U.S. Marines.
Anti-Imperialism
• The American AntiImperialist League was
founded in 1899
• Mark Twain, Andrew Carnegie were
among the leaders
• Campaign against the annexation of the
Philippines and other acts of imperialism
Quiz
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Give three examples of American Imperialism
Explain one reason why we became imperialistic
Explain the “White Man’s Burden” (what does racism
have to do with imperialism?)
Where was the Spanish American war fought?
Name two things we won from that war
Why would people consider the Filipino war wrong?
Put these events in their correct order: Annexation of
Hawaii, Filipino war, Mexican American War, Purchase
of Alaska