Transcript Reconstruction Treaties

Learning Goals
► The
students will understand the
Reconstruction treaties the U.S. Government
signed with the Five Civilized Tribes
Reconstruction Treaties
► Reconstruction
Treaties with the Five Tribes
reduced the land of those tribes to about
half its previous size. They divided what had
once been Indian Territory into two distinct
parts.
Indian Territory
► Indian
Territory did not actually belong to the
United States and was not a part of the political
make-up of the nation.
► Only those lands which had not been assigned to
Indian tribes were under the direct jurisdiction of
the United States Government.
► Indian agencies were established in the new tribal
territories, and Indian agents were assigned there
to distribute goods and services owed the tribes.
Goods and Services
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Services provided medical care and education to replace the schools
which were left behind or to train Indians for a necessarily new way of
life, and new medicine to replace the traditional medicine which was by
nature a regional art.
Each tribe or confederacy of tribes governed itself. The tribes made
their own laws and set the penalties for breaking those laws. They
provided their own police forces and patrolled their own boundaries.
The greater a tribes need the more control the United States had.
The Civil War not only reduced tribal lands but also reduced Indian
power.
The reservation era was a whole new proposition for all Native
Americans.
The Leased District
► After
the Civil War the entire western half of
Indian Territory was available for settlement
by western tribes
► Tribes the government intended to remove
from areas of the Western Plains and
resettle in the Territory.
Medicine Lodge Peace Council
Indian Lodge at Medicine Creek, Kansas. Scece of
the Indian Peace Council
In October 1867 a peace council met at Medicine Lodge Creek in
Kansas.
► Among the well known Indian representatives were Satanta,
Wolf’s Sleeve, Ten Bears, and Black Kettle.
► The commission warned that the buffalo were disappearing and
that for survival the chiefs should take their people to
reservations to learn to farm.
► The Commissioners left Washington with instructions to
accomplish three things
 Prevent Indian attacks on white emigrants and settlers
 Stop Indian wars by removing their cause
 Convince Indians the become farmers and stockmen stopping
their restless wandering about in search of a precarious living
by hunting buffaloes and other game.
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Broken Promises
► The
Medicine Lodge treaties further reduced
the tribal lands specified in the 1865
treaties.
► Despite their peaceful promises the
government did not deliver the goods and
services exchanged for depleted tribal lands
► Young Warriors believed that the United
States had broken the treaty and Therefore
the Indians were no longer bound by it.
Many of them left the reservations and
made their way north looting and raiding en
route.
Treaty Violations
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White settlers coveting Indian lands pressed into
areas stipulated in current treaties as tribal lands.
The government wanted more tribal land reductions
to satisfy the ever-moving frontier.
Angry Indians, who could not depend on
government agents to protect their territories,
retaliated against poachers. This brought the
military to control marauding Indians.
The summer of 1867 saw constant warring between
the Unites States Army in the west and the Kiowa's,
Comanche's, Cheyenne's, Arapahoe's, and Apaches.
General Custer
Battle of the Washita
In retaliation, Colonel George
Armstrong Custer and the
Seventh Cavalry attacked Black
Kettle’s peaceful band camped
on the Washita River.
► On November 27, 1868 in
another early morning attack,
Custer virtually annihilated the
unsuspecting Indians.
► He killed 102 warriors many
women and children, and
slaughtered a herd of 800
horses.
► Black Kettle was shot and killed
as he fled on horseback across
the Washita River.
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Conquering the Indians
► Battles
and skirmishes between the army and the
Indians continued. The army patrolled the
reservations in Western Indian Territory. Young
Indian Warriors slipped away to raid Texas and
Kansas farms and ranches.
► In 1871, the government declared that no Indian
tribes were sovereign and that they no longer
would be treated as free and independent states.
Americanization and Reservations
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During the conquest of the western and Plains Tribes as well as the
constant removal of the tribes of the Old Northwest some tribes
suffered great wrongs.
One policy seemed to remain constant throughout the dealings of the
United States with the Indians, and that was that the Indians should
be “Americanized”
The reservation Indians were given their rations and taught to farm
and raise livestock. If they resisted Americanization agents were
instructed to withhold supplies.
Indian children who spoke tribal languages were punished in school.
Ministers and teachers berates the customary tribal dress and
hairstyles. All signs of Indian culture were to be obliterated, if possible.
Chapter 10 Quiz
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1.) What did the Reconstruction treaties do to the Five
tribes in terms of their land?
a.) It made all of their land open to settlement
b.) It made the Indian land about half the size it was
c.) It kept the Indian land the same size as it was
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2.) How was the Indian territory governed?
a.) It was governed by the Indian agencies
b.) It was governed by the United States Government
c.) It was governed by the Union states
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3.) What part of the Indian territory became available for
settlement after the Civil War?
a.) The Southern Half
b.) The Eastern Half
c.) The Western Half
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4.) What warning was given at the Medicine Lodge
Peace Council?
a.) That the Indians should move to reservations in the
East and farm
b.) That the Indians were being threatened and the only
way they could ever have peace was to keep fighting
the “White” settlers and gain their independence from
them
c.) That the Indians needed to relocate to the West and
farm
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5.) Name a result of the Medicine Lodge Treaties.
a.) It created peace and stability while maintaining the
boundaries of Indian Territory
b.) It further reduced Indian Territory lands
c.) It led to beginning of trust between the Indian
nations and the U.S. Government
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6.) Name the attack where the Seventh Cavalry entered
an Indian camp and slaughtered 102 Indian warriors?
a.) Battle of Black Kettle
b.) Battle of Round Mountain
c.) Battle of the Washita
7.) What declaration was made by the U.S. Government
in 1871?
a.) That Indian tribes no longer would be treated as free
and independent
b.) That Indian tribes were to continue governing their
own reservation land and that no more interference by
the U.S. Government was to be allowed
c.) That the hunting of buffalo was not to be allowed
anymore due to reducing the Indians most valuable
resource.
8.) What happened to Indians who resisted agents who
were enforcing the idea that the Indians should be
Americanized?
a.) They were relocated to the detention camps back in
Tampa Bay
b.) They were forced to relocated on reservations
further west in the United States
c.) Goods and services promised by the U.S.
Government through various treaties would be
withheld
9.) Name the biggest reason the U.S. Government
wanted the Indians to farm?
a.) Because it would reduce the Indians exposure to the
“White” settlers
b.) Because the buffalo was going extinct.
c.) Because the U.S. Government needed another
cheap source of food from the Indians.
10.) What General led the seventh cavalry that attacked
and killed 102 Indian warriors?
a.) General Stand Waite
b.) General George Custer
c.) General Stonewall Jackson
Chapter 10 Quiz
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•
•
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1.) What did the Reconstruction treaties do to
the Five tribes in terms of their land?
2.) How was the Indian territory governed?
a.) It was governed by the Indian agencies
b.) It was governed by the United States
Government
c.) It was governed by the Union states
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3.) What part of the Indian territory became
available for settlement after the Civil War?
•
4.) What warning was given at the Medicine
Lodge Peace Council?
a.) That the Indians should move to
reservations in the East and farm
b.) That the Indians were being threatened
and the only way they could ever have peace
was to keep fighting the “White” settlers and
gain their independence from them
c.) That the Indians needed to relocate to the
West and farm
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
5.) Name a result of the Medicine Lodge
Treaties.
a.) It created peace and stability while
maintaining the boundaries of Indian Territory
b.) It further reduced Indian Territory lands
c.) It led to beginning of trust between the
Indian nations and the U.S. Government
6.) Name the attack where the Seventh
Cavalry entered an Indian camp and
slaughtered 102 Indian warriors?
a.) Battle of Black Kettle
b.) Battle of Round Mountain
c.) Battle of the Washita
7.) What declaration was made by the U.S.
Government in 1871?
a.) That Indian tribes no longer would be
treated as free and independent
b.) That Indian tribes were to continue
governing their own reservation land and that
no more interference by the U.S. Government
was to be allowed
c.) That the hunting of buffalo was not to be
allowed anymore due to reducing the Indians
most valuable resource.
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8.) What happened to Indians who resisted
agents who were enforcing the idea that the
Indians should be Americanized?
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9.) Name the biggest reason the U.S.
Government wanted the Indians to farm?
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10.) What General led the seventh cavalry
that attacked and killed 102 Indian warriors?