Transcript Fighting the War

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Fighting the War
Lessons 6-8
Continentals
British
About 10,000
How many
soldiers?
50,000
No
Experience?
Yes
George
Washington
Commander?
Thomas Gage
Limited Supplies
and Training
Weapons and
Training?
Well Supplied
and Well Trained
British Advantage
Patriot Advantages
•
Professional Soldiers
•
Best Training
•
Experienced Officers
• Good Militias
•
Newest Weapons
• Irregular Lines of Fighting
•
Mercenaries – Hessians
•
Native Americans Allies
• Believes in War for Independence
• Home Field Advantage
Patriot Disadvantages
British Disadvantages
• Soldiers are Farmers
• 3,000 Miles From Home
• Little Training
• Getting Supplies to America
• Old Weapons
• No Experienced Leaders
• No Money
• Unfamiliar Land
• Don’t know who the enemy is –
they all look alike
Valley Forge 1777-1778
movie 24:15-33:20
Poland
• Casimir Pulaski
• Thaddeus Kosciuszko
Germany
• Johann de Kalb
• Friedrich von Steuben
- Von Steuben works wonders with the troops training them to how to
march and how to be real soldiers. Teaches troops how to fight the
European way and teaches them how to use the a bayonet during a
charge.
France
• Marquis de Lafayette – teaches them fighting techniques
Spanish Governor of Louisiana - 1779
• Sent guns, food, money, and later soldiers to Florida to fight the British
Date
Battle
Location
4/19/1775
The Battles of Lexington and Concord
Lexington and Concord Massachusetts
5/10/1775
The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
Fort Ticonderoga, New York
5/27/1775
The Battle of Chelsea Creek
Suffolk County, Massachusetts
6/16/1775
The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill
Charlestown, Massachusetts
12/31/1775
The Battle of Quebec
Quebec City, Province of Quebec
8/27/1776
The Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn
Heights)
Long Island, New York
10/28/1776
The Battle of White Plains
White Plains, New York
11/16/1776
The Battle of Fort Washington
Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York
12/26/1776
The Battle of Trenton
Trenton, New Jersey
1/3/1777
The Battle of Princeton
Princeton, New Jersy
8/6/1777
The Battle of Oriskany
Oriskany, New York
8/16/1777
The Battle of Bennington
Bennington, New York
9/11/1777
The Battle of Brandywine
Near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania
Date
Battle
Location
9/19/1777
The Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's Farm)
Saratoga County, New York
10/4/1777
The Battle of Germantown
Germantown, Pennsylvania
10/7/1777
The Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights)
Saratoga County, New York
6/28/1778
The Battle of Monmouth
Monmouth, New Jersey
12/29/1778
The Capture of Savannah
Savannah, Georgia
3/29/1780
The Siege of Charleston
Charleston, South Carolina
8/16/1780
The Battle of Camden
North of Camden, South Carolina
10/7/1780
The Battle of King's Mountain
Near Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC
1/17/1781
The Battle of Cowpens
Cowpens, South Carolina
3/15/1781
The Battle of Guilford Courthouse
Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina
9/8/1781
The Battle of Eutaw Springs
Near present-day Eutawville, South Carolina
10/9/1781
The Battle of Yorktown
Yorktown, Virginia
Battle of Cowpens
Nathaneal Greene, commanding the American forces in the Carolinas, was
faced by serious supply problems. He decided to detachment two forces from
his main army. One, under Daniel Morgan, around 1000 men was well
balanced, with a core of experienced Continental Infantry, Maryland and
Virginia Militia, and a Continental Cavalry force under Colonel William
Washington.
To Cornwallis, this force was a threat to the left flank of his planned advance
into North Carolina and he sent a force commanded by Tarleton to catch it. The
British force of 1,100 was composed of Tarleton's own British Legion,
supported by regular infantry.
Tarleton's plan was quite simple. His men were to catch Morgan and
immediately attack, expecting the militia to break, leaving the Continentals
outnumbered. However, Morgan anticipated this, and deployed his men well.
On 17 February 1781 he formed up in three lines at Hannah's Cowpens. First
was a skirmishing line of about 150 sharpshooters. Next came the Carolina
militia, whose orders were to fire two volleys and then withdraw behind the
third line, of Continental Infantry and the Virginia Militia, placed on top of a
hill. Once the British were engaged against this third line, the South Carolina
militia on one flank and the Continental Cavalry on the other were to outflank
them.
Tarleton fell into the trap. The American plan worked as expected. The riflemen
and militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British, and then pulled back behind
the line.
The British were further surprised when the third line of American regulars did not
retreat, as they had so often done in the past, but instead held their ground and
fired on the advancing British.
The British were convinced that the Americans were about the break, and their
own formations started to lose their integrity as they moved to chase what they
thought was a broken enemy.
However, the American movement was not a retreat, and Morgan was able to
form them up behind the hill. The British in pursuit crested the hill to find not a
retreating rabble, but an intact force that now turned and fired on the British. The
units exposed to this fire broke almost instantly. Washington's cavalry and the
militia now attacked the rest of the British force. The battle was lost within
minutes. Tarleton managed to escape with forty cavalry, but the majority of his
men surrendered.
At a cost of 12 dead and 60 wounded, Morgan had largely destroyed Tarleton's
force. With 525 prisoners, 100 dead and 229 wounded (also captured), Tarleton
had suffered losses of over 75%..
The Patriot – The Battle of Cowpens
Battle of Yorktown – Sept. 1781 – 20,600 American and
French soldiers surround Cornwallis and force him to
surrender, the war is almost over!
The War Ends
How did
the
American
Revolution
end?
Page 184
Treaty of Paris
Sept. 3, 1783
Treaty – an agreement between two or more
countries
Terms of the Treaty
• Remove all British soldiers from the colonies
• Accept the United States independence
• Pay for towns that were destroyed
• British Request
• Loyalists be treated fairly
Final Agreement
• Named the United States of America as a new
nation
• The United States of America would reach from
Florida to Northern border (an imaginary line that
goes through the Great lakes) and the Mississippi
River will form the Western border.
The War Ends
Results of the war:
The United Stated won independence.
Many Loyalists moved to Canada or
the western frontier.
Many Native Americans lost their land.
Americans felt justified because Native
Americans had sided with the British.
Slavery continued. “All men are
created equal” did not apply to
enslaved Africans. The government
needed the support of Southern
plantation owners who depended on
slavery.
Page 189
A NEW COUNTRY IS FORM…
AFTER 8 YEARS OF WAR!
THE COLONIES ARE ON THEIR OWN…
YET THE 3 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE 13
NEW STATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED...
WHO IS IN CHARGE???
WHAT WOULD COME OF THE NEW COUNTRY???
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