Transcript The American Civil War and the Failure of Leadership

What mistakes (on both sides) led to the Civil War?
Federal Government and Slavery
 Preamble: “We the People of the United
States…”
 Article I, Section 2: population will be
determined by adding free people and 3/5 of all
other persons
 Article I, Section 9: importation of slaves is
outlawed after 1808
 Article IV, Section 2: if a person held in service
escapes to another state, they will not be free,
but will be given back to the owner
State Governments and Slavery
 Some states began to outlaw slavery
 South worked to protect and expand it
Congress and Slavery
 1789- Northwest
Ordinance, Article 6
 “There shall be
neither slavery no
involuntary
servitude in the said
territory… (a)
fugitive may be
lawfully reclaimed”
Henry Clay
 1820- Missouri
Compromise, Sec 8
 “In all territory… under
the name Louisiana…
north of thirty-six
degrees and thirty
minutes north latitude…
Slavery… shall be…
prohibited…
 Fugitives may be lawfully
reclaimed….
Congress and Slavery
 1846- Wilmot Proviso
 DEFINE:
 Passed in the House,
failed in the Senate
Congress and Slavery
 January, 1848- gold
discovered at Sutter’s
Mill, Sacramento River
 California Gold Rush
 ’49ers- 90,000 to CA



Boomtowns
Merchants
Statehood

SF
Balance in Congress
Henry Clay- The Great Compromiser
 Compromise of 1850
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
Congress and Slavery
 Opposition to the
Compromise of 1850
 “… the equilibrium
between the two
sections… has been
destroyed… now… one
section has the exclusive
power to of controlling
the government…”
John C. Calhoun
Presidents and Slavery
Stephen Douglass
 1854- Kansas- Nebraska Act
 1.
 2.
 3.
Impact of Kansas- Nebraska
 1856- Bleeding Kansas
 Pro/ anti-slavery forces flood into KS and fight
 Border Ruffians- Voters from MO raid KS to swing the
vote
 Sack of Lawrence/ Pottawattamie Massacre
 Two constitutions written

Wichita- Lecompton
Constitution-
Define:

Topeka- Jayhawkers in Lawrence
KS= free state
Republican Party
 Founded in _____
 Platform (goal) Members:
Congress and Slavery
1858-Lincoln Douglas Debates
Define:
Lincoln “A house divided against itself can not
stand.” I believe this government can
not endure permanently half slave and
half free. I do not expect the Union to
be dissolved- I do not expect the house
to fall- but I do expect it will cease to be
divided. It will become all one thing, or
all the other…
Springfield, Illinois, June 17, 1858
Douglas
 “In my opinion, our government can
endure forever, divided into free and
slave states as our fathers made it, each
state having the right to prohibit,
abolish, or sustain slavery, just as it
pleases. This government was made
upon the great basis of the sovereignty
of the states, the right of each state to
regulate its own domestic institution to
suit itself…
Alton, Illinois, October 15, 1858
Supreme Court and Slavery
Dred Scott
Justice Taney
Scott v. Sandford (1857)
 “When the Constitution was adopted, they were not…
numbered among its ‘people or citizens.’ Consequently,
the special rights and immunities guarantied to citizens do
not apply to them. And not being citizens… they are not
entitled to sue… and the Circuit Court has no
jurisdiction…”
 “Every citizen has a right to take with him into the Territory
any article of property…”
 “The act of Congress, therefore, prohibiting a citizen of the
United States from taking with him his slaves when he
removes to the Territory in question… is not warranted by
the Constitution…”
William Lloyd Garrison
“The Liberator”
The American
Anti-Slavery
Society
Frederick Douglass
“The North Star”
A Narrative of the
Life of Frederick
Douglass
Harriet Beecher Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Define:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 Seneca Falls
Convention
 Declaration of
Sentiments
Individuals and Slavery
 1859- Harper’s Ferry:
 Crittenden Plan: