Transcript World War 1 - Central Square Central School District

World War 1
1914-1918
The US before WW1
 REMEMBER!
– Industrialization
• The US begins to increase industry during rebuilding from the
Civil War (Reconstruction)
– Immigration
• Foreigners begin entering the US for work, religious freedom,
etc.
– Progressive Era
• Americans are concerned with topics like temperance,
suffrage, food safety, etc.
– US Expansion
• The US begins looking toward becoming a world power
through colonization and industrial growth
Who’s To Blame?
Causes
of
World War I
Causes of World War I
 Militarism - naval/arms race
 Alliances - Allies vs. Central Powers
 Imperialism - control over weaker
nations
 Nationalism - pride in one’s country
Russia will pull out of war…USA will enter
later…
Militarism & Arms Race
.
Year
1870
1890
1910
1914
Total Military Expenses
(in millions of £s)
94
154
289
398
The Alliance System
Triple Entente
Triple Alliance
 Great Britain
Germany
Austria- Hungary
Italy
 France
 Russia
Two Armed Camps
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Great Britain
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Imperialism = Rivalries ($$$)
Nationalism
• Nationalism. National and political
pride in the empire (patriotism?)
“The sun never sets on the British Empire.”
The
“Spark”
Archduke Franz Ferdinand &
His Family
Assassinated in Sarajevo
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
The Start of the War
 On June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz
Ferdinand, of Austria-Hungary was shot
(along with his wife) in Sarajevo, the capital
of Bosnia and Hertzegovnia.
An Assassin’s Story (pg. 8a)
 As a class, we will read page 8a-b, then
answer the questions on page 8b.
Homework
 Complete the map on page 9 of your packet.
 Be sure to follow directions (and fill in the
key…)
 Answer questions 1-5 (you do NOT have to
use complete sentences)
An Assassin’s Story (pg. 8a-b)
 What was Gavrilo Princip’s dream?
 Explain how the following countries
became involved in WW1: AustriaHungary, Russia, Germany, France, and
Britain.
 What country left one group to join the
other? Why?
 List the countries that fought on the side of
the Triple Entente.
 List the countries that fought on the side of
the Triple Alliance.
The Beginning of the War…it’s very simple
The Beginning of the War…it’s very simple
Declared War
Serbia
AustriaHungary
Assassination
Declared war to get to France
Allies
Prepare for
war
Allies
Belgium
Britain
Russia
Allies
Declare war
Germany
France
Declare war
Germany Declares War when Russia readies troops
The Great War Map (pg. 9)
 In what country was Sarajevo located?
 How does the geographic location of the
Central Powers put them at a disadvantage?
 Which of the Central Powers borders
Russia?
 Judging from the map, why was the alliance
between France and Russia a threat to
Germany?
 On July 28th, who did Austria-Hungary
declare war on?
Great War Map (pg. 9)
The Western Front:
A “War of
Attrition”
Recruitment Poster
German Atrocities in Belgium
Trench Warfare clip
Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun
“No Man’s Land”
Declaration of Neutrality
 What does neutrality mean?
 What do you think President Wilson meant
when he said “the people of the United
States are drawn from many nations, and
chiefly from the nations now at war?”
 What does President Wilson mean when he
said that the US “must be neutral in fact as
well as in name?”
American Neutrality (pg. 12)
The official position of the United States was
neutrality when WWI broke out. Opinion
was varied. Most Americans favored the
Allies. They spoke the same language and
shared many traditions. The United States
and France had also been allies in the
American Revolution.
American Neutrality (pg. 12)
However, about 8 million people were of
German or Austrian decent and sided with
the Central Powers.
American Neutrality (pg. 12)
 The United States benefited from the war
for several reasons. The economy boomed.
Both the Allied and Central Powers needed
food, weapons, oil, steel, and other goods.
Americans rushed to fill orders. By 1917,
trade with the Allies had grown SEVEN
times in value and by a smaller amount
Central Powers. (And in some cases,
decreased). This trade imbalance meant
that the US was not strictly neutral as it
claimed to be.
US Exports (pg. 13)
 What happened to trade with major
ALLIED Powers between 1914 and 1916?
 What happened to trade with major
CENTRAL Powers between 1914 and
1916?
 What does the difference tell you?
The Zimmermann Telegram (pg.
16)
 February, 28 1917
 To Bernstorff,
 Washington DC
 US press to publish contents of telegram
sent to Von Eckhardt tomorrow prepare for
public outrage and massive demonstrations
outside embassy.
 Zimmermann
 Berlin
The Zimmermann Telegram
(page 17-18)
 What type of document is this?
– Primary Source (telegram)
 What does Germany plan to do on February
1?
– Begin unrestricted submarine warfare
 What does Germany want the United States
to do?
– Remain neutral
The Zimmermann Telegram
(page 17-18)
 What does Germany promise to Mexico?
– Land lost in the Mexican-American war (Texas,
New Mexico, Arizona)
 Why do you think this document was
written?
– To communicate with Mexico
– To warn the United States
– To get the US involved in WW1
Make War for Democracy (pg.
12a-b)
 1. What was the attitude in the US toward
the war in Europe when it began in 1914?
– Neutral
 2. Why did President Woodrow Wilson
change his mind about the war?
– Submarine warfare by Germany
 3. What did Representative Claude Kitchin
suggest the US do to avoid war with
Germany?
– Stop trading with the allies
Government Involvement - The
War at Home
 Using pages 654-660 in your textbook, fill
in the boxes on page 19 in your packet.
 You may use bulleted answers (not in
complete sentences).
 You should try to find at least 2 bullet
points for each box.
Government Involvement (pg. 19)
 How did the United
States raise money to
fight the war?
– War bonds
– Raised $21 billion
 How did the
government get people
to support the war?
– Hollywood movie stars
support bond sales
– “Four-Minute Men”
– Women worked in
factories (and were
paid more for it)
Government Involvement (pg. 19)
 How did the
 How did the
government react to
antiwar activities?
government get people
to join the fight?
– Passed laws making
criticism of the
government illegal
– Some progressives
were jailed
– Posters
– Songs
– Selective Service (the
Draft)
Government Involvement (pg. 19)
 How did the government get enough food
and supplies to send to Europe?
– Reorganized the economy
– Herbert Hoover leads the Food Administration
– Victory Gardens, Wheatless Mondays, Meatless
Tuesdays
Declaration of War (pg. 20)
 Why does Wilson think the United States
must declare war?
– Germany has gone too far
 How does Wilson hope to change the
behavior of nations?
– Holding them responsible as citizens would be
 How does this document help explain the
United States entry into WW1?
– We can no longer do nothing and must hold
Germany responsible
Food and the Flu (pg. 23)
 1. How many days did they ask Americans
to change their eating habits?
– 3 (Wheatless, meatless, less fat and sugar)
 2. Which items should not be eaten on
Wheatless days?
– Crackers, pastry, macaroni, cereal, bread
 3. In order to save fat, how should one
cook?
– Bake, broil, or stew - don’t fry. Use meat
drippings instead of butter/oil
Food and the Flu (pg. 23)
 4. Why could Americans eat fruit,
vegetables, and potatoes abundantly?
– Could be grown at home (victory gardens), it
replaces some nutrients (potatoes = starch)
 5. What was the goal of food rationing?
– To be sure there is enough food to feed the
troops and send to Europe for the war effort
Food and the Flu (pg. 23)
 6. Identify one way in which people attempted to
cure the flu.
– Wear roomy clothes, onions, carefully chewing food
 7. In 1919, how many deaths were reported in
Syracuse due to influenza and pneumonia?
– 908
 8. What was Syracuse’s rank for the severity of
influenza compared to the rest of the cities in the
United States?
– 4th
World War 1 Assignment
 Put your name on the front of the purple
sheet. Label it as binder page 35.
 Somewhere on the front of the sheet, write
down a due date of Friday, January 21.
World War 1 Stations
 Turn to page 24 in your packet.
 Using the information in the folders, answer
the questions on pages 24-27 in your
packet.
Table of Contents Update
 29.
 30.
 31.
 32.
 33.
 34.
 35.
 36.
 37.
Expansion Packet
War with Spain Packet
Cuba Map Packet
US in the Pacific MVPs
Expansion “Quest”
World War 1 Packet
WW1 Assignment (Project)
Midterm
DBQ - World War 1
Calendar Update
 January 21 - WW1 Project Due
 January 24 - Midterm Exam
 January 25-28 - DBQ on WW1
 January 31 - Begin 1920’s Unit
Trench Warfare
 1. What are two hardships faced by those in the
the trenches?
– Rats, trench foot, mud, open to enemy
 2. What was the land between the two sides
called?
– No man’s land
 3. What were two hazards faced in this area?
– Land mines, artillery, gas warfare
 4. Was this an effective way of gaining territory?
Why or why not?
– No, dangerous/open to enemy
Women in the War
 1. What were 2 specific activities women engaged
in to help the war effort?
– Elevator operators, mechanics
 2. What were the peach pits on page 231 going to
be used for?
– Filters for gas masks
 3. Why were women collecting so many books?
– Educate/entertain the troops
 4. Why might women have been performing jobs
that until this time were only held by men?
– Men were fighting in the war
Songs to Raise Morale
 1. Who are the Yanks?
– Americans
 2. What are the Yanks preparing to do?
– Go to war
 3. What is the mood of this song?
– Happy, energetic
 4. How does the composer of this song
think that those remaining home should feel
about the soldiers?
– Proud
Quotes from the Great War
 1.
–
 2.
–
Is Wilson in favor of the war?
Yes
Does Gallagher agree with Wilson? Explain.
No, he believed the government didn’t understand what
war was really like
 3. Houston expressed what concerns relative to
the US military?
– Discrimination
 4. What is the mood of “In Flander’s Fields”?
Who is described? What does the poet want us to
do?
– Sad and mourning, dead soldiers, remember the dead
Gas Warfare
 1. How did the Germans gain the upper
hand in the battles in which gas was used?
– French felt the effects first
 2. What is the purpose of gas warfare?
– Terror weapon - used to create panic
 3. Name a problem with each type of gas
mask?
– Did not filter deadly gasses, not effective
Propaganda
 1. What were to specific things that the posters
encouraged citizens to do?
– Support the war, buy liberty bonds
 2. How does the artist use family to lure men to
the war effort?
– Family pride, protection, children look up to you
 How does the artist use sex appeal?
– Low cut clothing to get men’s attention
 How do the artists appeal to women?
– Women would want to be strong and independent like
the women in the picture
War Casualties
 1. What were the total number of US battle
deaths?
– 116,516
 Wounded?
– 204,002
 Total casualties?
– 320,518
 2. Which country had the greatest number
of battle deaths?
– Germany
War Casualties
Allied
Powers
Russia
Deaths
Central
Powers
Germany
Deaths
France
1,357,800
1,200,000
908,371
AustriaHungary
Turkey
G. Britain
Total
3,966,171
Total
3,298,700
1,700,000
1,773,700
325,000
War Casualties
 4. Which side suffered the greatest number
of deaths?
– Allies
 5. What is one reason for the relatively low
death toll of US troops?
– Entered the war late
 6. Which country had the greatest number
of prisoners or missing persons?
– Russia
Selective Service
 1. Why did President Wilson implement
the draft?
– We needed more soldiers than had signed up
 2. How many American troops did General
Pershing estimate were needed?
– 3 million
 3. How many eventually enlisted/were
drafted?
– 2.8 million (4.8 million total served)
The War to End All Wars
 World War 1 ended on November 1, 1918
 The Allied powers (Triple Entente) were
victorious giving Great Britain, France,
Italy, and the United States were setting
punishments for the Central Powers (Triple
Alliance).
The War to End All Wars
 1.
–
–
–
–
–
Fourteen Points:
No secret agreements
Freedom of the seas
Free trade
Arms limits
Peaceful settlements of
colonial disputes
– **National SelfDetermination
– **General Association
of Nations - League of
Nations
 2. Treaty of Versailles
– Germany must accept
full responsibility
– Germany must
DISARM completely
– Germany must pay
huge reparations ($) to
the Allies
– Germany was stripped
of any colonies
The War to End All Wars
 League of Nations was created (January 10,
1920 - officially)
 The United States Congress rejected the
treaty
 Many Americans were divided on the issue
of the treaty
 Henry Cabot Lodge (MA) wanted changes
to the treaty before signing - led the
rejection