Transcript Module 5: Exam Remediation

MODULE 6:
EXAM PRACTICE
What: The American Industrial Revolution: a
period of change from handmade good
to machine made goods
When: The late 1700s and early 1800s
 Transportation–America experienced innovations to transportation.
Canals, roads, and railroads were built. This helped Americans move
westward by allowing for faster shipping and travel.
 Agriculture (farming)–More efficient farming methods were used.
These improvements revolutionized agriculture and made farming a
leading commercial industry.
 City Growth–The growth of factories led many Americans to move to
the cities for factory jobs. Poor planning and infrastructure caused
many issues in sanitation and health in the cities.
 Factories–When the Industrial Revolution came to America, families
looked for employment outside of the home.
6.01 New Gadgets
American Industrial Revolution - Between 1790 and 1825,
manufacturing in America changed the economy.
 Americans expanded on developments in transportation,
power, and industrial processes.
 This Industrial Revolution changed the way goods were
made.

Families no longer just produced enough goods for their
own use. Americans now traded their labor for goods and
cash.
Samuel Slater
1. Worked as a mechanic in a textile factory.
2. He memorized the plans of the textile machines.
3. He traveled to New York using a false name and brought the Industrial
Revolution to the United States.
The American Industrial Revolution
began in New England
1. Resource Proximity : Close to resources like coal and iron
needed to power factories.
2. Ports: Ports are needed to receive raw materials (like as
cotton) and shipped finished products.
3. Capital: Investors called entrepreneurs were willing to invest in
the factories and machines.
4. Workers: Unhappy farm workers created the labor force for
the factories.
5. Waterways: Rivers and streams were available to power the
machinery in the factories.
Inventors revolutionized methods in the textile
industry.
This led to time and money savings and more products
produced.
The inventions in this industry sparked other inventors
to improve in the areas of processes, transportation,
and communication.
Inventors
Eli Whitney
Cotton Gin: Before the Cotton Gin 1 skilled
slave could remove the seeds from 1
pound of cotton per day. After the Cotton
Gin was invented, I unskilled slave could
remove the seeds from 50 pounds of cotton
per day. This made cotton profitable and
increased the demand for slaves.
Interchangeable Parts: This process made
large quantities of uniform pieces.
Interchangeable parts opened the way for
producing many different goods through
mass production. These advances helped
promote the assembly line production.
Inventors
Francis Cabot Lowell – Expanded the
factory system by putting all stages of
making cloth under one roof. This saved on
production time, cost, and increased
efficiency.
George Pullman – Rail sleeping car
Samuel F. B. Morse - Telegraph
Cyrus Field – Transatlantic cable
George Westinghouse – Air brake
Sarah E. Goode - Folding cabinet bed
Henry Ford- Assembly - line production
Which answer best describes an advantage of the factory
system and assembly line production? [6.01]
A. They increased the speed of production and decreased
the cost of goods.
B. required more skill to use so workers became more
educated
C. required fewer workers so the cost of manufacturing
products was reduced.
D. improved working conditions and increased factory
worker morale.
IF YOU SAID A, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
6.02 Factory Workers
Early Factories preferred to
hire children.
It was cheaper to employ
children. They earned 33 – 67
cents per week.
Child Labor was not new.
Children had always worked on
family farms.
It was not uncommon for entire
families to work in a factory just
to make ends meet.
Factory Conditions





Mills were very loud.
Windows were closed.
Cotton filaments were in air.
Lack of breaks / limited time to eat.
Factory workers worked very long
hours for low pay. Average hours per
week between 1830 & 1840 = 73.
Lowell System
 Lowell hired young (15 – 30) unmarried
young woman to work in his mill.
 Lowell built boarding houses for the young
women to live in.
 Woman viewed this as temporary job.
Chance to get off the farm and for female
companionship.
 Most worked in the factory for less than 4
years.
 Most left because they got married or
because the pay, hours, and factory
conditions got worse in the 1830s.
The working condition of the factories during the
Industrial Revolution can be described as …?
A. Employees were paid poorly but always worked in
safe conditions.
B. Employees worked short hours and had regularly
scheduled breaks.
C. Employees worked in comfortable conditions and
were paid well
D. Employees worked long hours in sometimes
unsafe conditions.
IF YOU SAID D, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
6.03 Growing Cities
Reasons for growth of cities in the United States in the 1800s
 Factories were built in cities.
 Farm workers and immigrants from other countries began moving to
cities in search of jobs.
Immigrants in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
 Irish and German Catholic immigrants
settled in Philadelphia.
 Immigrants brought their culture with them
and settled near others with the same
language or religion.
 built separate churches and schools
 Civil societies were formed by different
ethnic groups with the goal of helping
people find work, housing, and food.
Resentment in Philadelphia
 City residents, called “nativists”, resented the growing
Irish Catholic population.
 The nativists perceived the Irish Catholic as
different and as competitors for jobs and
resources.
 In 1844 riots broke out as nativists struck out against
the growing Irish Population. These riots became
known as the “Nativist Riots”.
Philadelphia was one of the first planned
American cities.
 The plan showed where to build streets, homes,
businesses, government, and even parks.
 Philadelphia was used as model for many other cities.
 Philadelphia had a strong textile industry as well as glass,
metal tools, and ships during the 1800s.
 factories depended on low-paid, unskilled workers.
 The majority of these workers found it very difficult to
save enough wages to improve their living conditions.
Consequences of overcrowding in the cities:
 To accommodate the growing population, tenements or
row houses were hastily constructed.
 Tenements often lacked running water and sewage.
 Without plumbing and sewers, raw waste ran through the
streets where people lived and children played.
 Diseases like typhus and dysentery were common,
passed by closeness to an infected person.
 Major cities suffered disease
epidemics throughout the 1700s
and 1800s.
Fire Danger in the overcrowded cities:
 The origin of the “Great Chicago” fire is still a mystery.
 The high winds of the evening carried the embers into the heart of the
city.
 Eventually, the fire burned itself out, leaving several hundred people
dead.
 Chicago was rebuilt. Masonry (bricks and stone) and steel were used
to rebuild instead of wood.
 The use of steel led to the invention of the skyscraper.
 20 years after the fire, the population of
Chicago had tripled.
Which of the following was NOT a result of
overpopulation in cities during the American Industrial
Revolution? [6.03]
A. Low-wage workers were difficult to find
B. tenements houses were hastily constructed.
C. Cities suffered disease epidemics
D. Fire was a constant danger.
IF YOU SAID A, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
6.04 A Southern View !
The number of
textile mills and
other factories
in the North
increased
as a result,
The demand for
Southern
natural
resources also
increased.
South adapts to increased demand for cotton
 clearing land for new plantations
 building bridges and roads
 increasing irrigation (water usage).
Resources impacted by the Industrial
Revolution in the South
Renewable Resources: natural resources that can replace
themselves over time through natural processes
Examples
Trees, air, water, fish
Human Impact
Human activity can even threaten renewable resources. This happens
when human activity interferes with a natural process like the water
cycle or the life cycle of fish.
Example: the eastern United States lost many forests through agriculture,
use of wood for fuel, and building. The native Carolina parakeet lost a
great deal of its native habitat. Farmers shot the birds. The birds ate the
farms' fruit, seeds, and corn. Corn was a valuable crop for feeding families
and livestock. After 1860, sightings of this bird were rare. Scientists
believe the Carolina parakeet was extinct by the 1920s.
Resources impacted by the Industrial
Revolution in the South
Non-Renewable Resources: natural resources that
cannot replace themselves fast enough to replace
what humans use.
Examples
Fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas minerals
Human Impact
Industrialization increased the need for fossil fuels in the United States
and around the world. In the 1800s, the burning of fossil fuels powered
steam engines.
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and other substances into the
air. Trees and other plants help absorb carbon dioxide. Without them,
carbon dioxide collects and becomes trapped in the atmosphere. The
destruction of forests that began in the 1800s caused air pollution, which
continues today
South’s Population increases
 People bought & cleared land for planting
cotton, sugar, corn, & tobacco
 Slaves bought by those who could afford
them. 3/4 of Southerners did NOT own slaves.
 Most of South were Yeoman farmers: owner
& subsistence farmer or small farms
A CHANGING SOUTH
During the late 1800s, how did the factory owners in
the North feel about the people in the South?
A. Northern factory owners and Southerners did not get
along.
B. They did not interact with one another in terms of
business.
C. Factory owners were dependent on Southerners for
resources.
D. Many factory owners tried to attract Southerners to
work for them.
IF YOU SAID C, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
What did people in both the North and the South have
in common during the late 1800s?
A. People increased their use of both renewable and nonrenewable natural resources.
B. Factories, railroads, and industry were more important
to the economy than agriculture.
C. Both groups of people understood that they needed to
take care to protect natural resources.
D. People cut down forests for farming land, as it was the
most important part of the economy.
IF YOU SAID A, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
Scientists know that burning fossil fuels for
factories creates air pollution. What happened
during the 1800s that made air pollution even
worse and long lasting?
A.
B.
C.
D.
growing crops which required lots of water
moving many people into dense areas
burning wood for heating in homes
cutting down trees at the same time
Florida and the Industrial Revolution
Florida’s economy was based on agriculture.
The
Kingsley
Plantation
Fort George
Island
The Kingsley plantation used the "task" system, which allowed slaves to
work at a craft or tend their own gardens once the specified task for the day
was completed and to keep the profit of anything they produced.
Mr. Kingsley married a woman, Anna, he bought as a slave. He freed her
along with their children. Mr. Kingsley left the plantation to Anna in his will.
She fought to maintain control of the plantation after his death.
Florida and the Industrial Revolution
Florida had a hard time attracting settlers because of the heat
and mosquitos. Mosquitos carry malaria, a
deadly disease.
John Gorrie was a Florida doctor
that invented an ice machine to cool rooms
and keep his patients more comfortable in 1835.
John Gorrie is considered the father of modern day air
conditioning.
The Second Seminole War: removal of Native
Americans from Florida Territory
Osceola - Seminole warrior who fought against the U.S. efforts to remove
his tribe’s people from Florida. Died in jail at Fort King during the Second
Seminole War.
Seminoles were raiding settlements in Florida and attacking U.S. troops.
General Thomas Jesup - The third U.S. Army general assigned to Florida
territory during the Second Seminole War. Captured the rebel Osceola in
north central Florida.
Wiley Thomson: Indian agent sent by U.S. to help negotiate a removal
treaty with the Seminoles. Supported the removal treaty & had Osceola put
in jail at Fort King.
Billy Bowlegs - led my people to southwestern Florida. Went to
Washington, D.C., but still resisted removal. Later move to Indian territory.
 Osceola refuses to sign treaty.
 Wiley Thomson was killed by Seminoles
6.05 Jacksonian Democracy
Election of 1824
 Four candidates split the
popular vote as well as the
electoral vote with no
candidate winning an
absolute majority.
 The members of the House of
Representatives had to vote
to determine the winner.
 Andrew Jackson was not their
final choice.
 They voted for John Q.
Adams.
Electoral College:
a group of electors from each state that meets every four years to vote for the
. president of the United States.
The Electoral College was used because The Founding Fathers did not think
that Americans were knowledgeable enough to vote for the president directly.
12th Amendment:
gives the House of Representatives the task of picking a president when no
candidate wins a majority of the electoral votes.
When the House of Representatives chose John Quincy Adams as
President, Andrew Jackson claimed a “corrupt bargain” had been made.
The Corrupt Bargain:
When Adams was chosen to be president, Andrew Jackson claimed that
John Quincy Adams had offered to make Henry Clay , a powerful
Congressman, Secretary of State if he would use his influence in the House
of Representatives to help him get elected.
President John Q. Adams:
 John Quincy Adams was an unpopular President.
 He believed that the national government should invest in internal
improvements (roads and canals).
 He believed the national government should invest in a national
university and observatory.
 The states did not like his ideas.
 They feared the national government would become too powerful.
The Election of 1828
The election results highlighted divisions forming in the nation,
called sectionalism - a political loyalty to ones state or region.
Jackson had the
votes of the people in
the South and the
western frontier areas
People in the
Northeast supported
Adams.
Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States
• Andrew Jackson
was elected as the
United States 7th
President. Jackson
was a DemocratRepublican and was
popular with the
people.
• Jackson's presidency
was called the "Age
of the Common
Man."
Jacksonian Democracy
• He wanted to limit the power of the national government, giving
more power to the states.
• He also favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution,
preventing the government form interfering with business.
• President Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The Indian
Removal Act required all Native Americans to move west of the
Mississippi River.
•
The Tariff of 1828 was a tax on imported goods, a law that reflected the
growing sectionalism.
• Jackson took on both the National Bank and the Supreme Court (Bank
War, and McCulloch v MD)
• Andrew Jackson served two terms as president.
Which of the following explains why the Electoral College was
used to determine who was President during Andrew Jackson's
era? [6.05]
A. Physical barriers prevented many people from being able to
reach the polls to vote.
B. The Founding Fathers did not think that Americans were
knowledgeable enough to vote for the president directly.
C. The Supreme Court ruled that selecting the president by popular
vote was unconstitutional.
D. It prevented Americans from voting for candidates that did not
meet all of the requirements.
IF YOU SAID B, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
Use the following text from the Twelfth Amendment to answer the
following question: The person having the greatest Number of votes
for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of
the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such
majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not
exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House
of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President.
Which answer best explains why the Twelfth Amendment was needed
in the election of 1824? [6.05]
A. The election included more than three presidential candidates.
B. The electoral vote did not result in a clear winner of the presidential
election.
C. The vice presidential election had to be thrown out because of fraud at
the polls.
D. The Electoral College was disbanded because of questionable voting
results from the states.
IF YOU SAID B, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
6.06 War on the Bank
 Andrew Jackson is president of the United States
 The Federal government needs money because they spent so
much on the War of 1812
 Federal Government opens up a National Bank and puts one
in Maryland
 Maryland not happy about the Federal Government competing
with their State bank.
 Maryland takes the Federal Government (McCulloch) to the
Supreme Court to try and get the Federal Bank out of
Maryland.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
 Established a precedent for the relationships between
the federal government and the state governments.
 Stated that the federal government had powers the
Constitution did not list, known as implied powers.
 implied powers granted Congress the constitutional
right to establish a national bank.
 states had the power to tax within their borders.
 States did not have the power to tax a federal
establishment. Maryland’s decision to tax the national
bank was an attempt to destroy the bank. The state
challenged the supremacy of federal power.
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Ogden thought that the state’s right to regulate navigation was not part
of the federal Commerce Clause.
Gibbons thought that the federal government had the right to regulate
interstate trade.
The Supreme Court unanimously (6–0) ruled in favor of Gibbons and
the federal government.
Case important because it established a precedent for the Congress to
override a state law when it conflicts with a federal law.
extended the definition of commerce to include navigation. States could
not pass commerce laws in direct conflict with federal law.
The case has an economic impact as well, because the decision allows
the federal government some control over trade within and across state
borders.
vs
The Nullification Crisis
 Federal Government passes tariff (tax on imported goods)
 The tax is good for the North’s economy but bad for the
South’s economy.
 1832 South Carolina declares both the Tariff of 1828 and
1832 unconstitutional. Want them Nullified (to make legally
canceled)
 South Carolina says they will not enforce the tariffs and will
secede if the federal government tries to enforce it.
 They begin to prepare state militia in case of attack.
 South Carolina backs down when President Jackson
request permission to use the Army to enforce the law.
South Carolina
The War on the Bank
 Federal Government’s bank won’t make risky
loans to people.
 Jackson shuts down the Federal/National Bank
and gives the money to state banks
 State banks make risky loans
 Too much money given out in loans and people
having trouble paying back loans.
 .Jackson issues the Specie Circular. In it,
he required payment for public land in gold
or silver, rather than paper money.
People panicked.
Banks required people
to repay loans early.
People rushed the
banks to trade in their
paper money for gold
or silver.
Within a year of Jackson
issuing the specie circular,
a severe economic
depression set in, called
the Panic of 1837
Which answer best explains Ogden's view of
the court case against Gibbons? [6.06]
A. Ogden thought that the federal government had the right
to regulate interstate trade.
B. Ogden thought that the state's right to regulate trade
was violated by Gibbons.
C. Ogden thought that the state's right to regulate
navigation was not part of the federal Commerce
Clause.
D. Ogden thought that the state's right to regulate
navigation was part of the federal Commerce Clause.
IF YOU SAID C, YOU’RE CORRECT. IF YOU DID NOT,
PLEASE GO BACK AND REVIEW THE CONTENT.
Ogden thought that the state's right to regulate navigation was not part
of the federal Commerce Clause.
Play the Module 6 Review Game :
http://www.quia.com/rr/805521.html
Take your module 6 exam. Your goal is to
score a 60% or higher. We know you can do
it!