Transcript Indian Removal - Robin's Tech Tips

Indian Removal
Was It Justified?
Background Check:
GET YOUR MIND IN GEAR
On page ---- of your notebook, answer the
following questions in complete sentences.
1. What was the Indian Removal Act?
2. If you had to answer the question, “Was the
Indian Removal Act justified?” how would you
respond?
3. List any background knowledge you have
about Native American relations during the
formation of the United States. (Ex: Pontiac’s
Rebellion, Pilgrims, French and Indian War,
etc.)
In the early 1800’s, the Cherokee
tribe was unlawfully living on land
that belonged to America.
1. True
2. False
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2
3
4
5
Native Americans in the early
1800’s were completely opposed to
American culture.
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
The Cherokee tribe had gone so far
in adopting American ideas and
culture that they developed a
written language and a constitution
for their people based on the U.S.
Constitution.
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
When trying to defend their rights
to govern themselves and maintain
their land, the Native Americans
immediately began scalping U.S.
Citizens and burning their
properties.
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
The purpose of the Indian Removal
Act was to…
A. Meet in open talks with the Native
Americans.
B. Take Native American land and relocate the
tribes farther West.
C. Take away all Native American rights to
self-government.
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above
1
2
3
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MOVING RIGHT ALONG…
• James Monroe
• 5th President of the
United States
(1817-1825)
• Succeeded by John
Quincy Adams
President James Monroe
addresses Congress in 1925
“…the removal of the Indian tribes from the lands which
they now occupy within the limits of the several states
and Territories…is of…high importance to our Union, and
may be accomplished...in a manner to promote the
interest and happiness of those tribes…For the removal
of the tribes within the limits of the State of Georgia the
motive has been particularly strong…The removal of
[these] tribes…would not only shield them from
impending ruin, but promote their welfare and
happiness…[If this doesn’t happen] their degradation*
and extermination will be inevitable.”
*Degradation means “shame”
Why did President Monroe call for
the removal of the Cherokees from
Georgia?
25% 25% 25% 25%
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2
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W
ov
e
!
A
ll
o
ft
he
nd
fo
u
ey
ab
go
ld
A.
..
at
iv
e
Th
el
fa
re
Fo
od
of
N
sh
or
ta
ge
s
1. Food shortages
2. Welfare of Native
Americans
3. They found gold!
4. All of the above
Madison’s words convey that he
was concerned for which of the
following?
1. Happiness of the
Native Americans
2. Shielding Native
Americans from
ruin
3. To keep them
from being
exterminated
4. All of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
25%
25%
25%
Happiness of the ...
To keep them from...
Shielding Native ...
All of the above
Discussion Point:
President Madison’s words convey
an interest in the well being of the
Native Americans. Do you believe
that he had their best interest at
heart?
1. Yes, of course.
2. No way!
50%
50%
Yes, of course.
No way!
President Andrew Jackson
• Andrew Jackson
• 7th President of the
United States
(1829-1837)
• Nicknamed “Old
Hickory” due to his
toughness
Andrew Jackson’s first annual
message to Congress on
December 8, 1829:
“I informed the Indians inhabiting parts of Georgia
and Alabama that their attempt…would not be
countenanced by [me], and advised them to
emigrate beyond the Mississippi…
As a means to effecting this end, I
suggest…setting apart an ample district west of
the Mississippi…to be guaranteed to the Indian
tribes as long as they shall occupy it.”
Whose side in the argument did
Jackson support?
50%
e
at
iv
N
W
hi
te
Am
se
er
ic
a
ttl
e
rs
ns
50%
1. White settlers
2. Native Americans
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2
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What solution to the conflict between
the Cherokees and Georgia did
President Jackson propose?
1. Leave them alone on the land where
they were living at that time
2. Ask them what they want to do, since
they were there first
3. Force them to move West of the
Mississippi
4. Set up wigwam camps in a field and
have a big meeting of the tribes with
Congress
25%
25%
25%
25%
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2
3
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The Cherokee People Speak Back
Cherokee appeal to Congress in
December 1829:
“To the honorable…Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States…
[This] is the land of our nativity, and the land of
our…birth. We cannot consent to abandon it, for
another far inferior, and which holds out for us no
inducements. We do, moreover, protest against
the…measures of our neighbor, the state of
Georgia, in her attempt to extend her laws over
us…in direct opposition to treaties…of the United
States…To protect [us] from…these
encroachments upon [our] rights, [we] earnestly
pray [you].”
What were the Cherokees asking
Congress to do?
1. Hold to promises they’ve already
made.
2. Give them better land.
3. Allow them to make their own
American state
4. Give them a train to bring them to
their new reservation land.
25%
25%
25%
25%
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2
3
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5
The Cherokees thought the new
land that was being offered to be
much better than the land they
already had.50%
50%
2
3
4
5
ls
e
Fa
1
Tr
ue
1. True
2. False
Where were the Native Americans
before?
Indian Territory… Let’s take a look.
Where will they go?
Sections of the Indian Removal Act,
January 1830:
“…the President of the United States [may] cause…territory
belonging to the United States, west of the river
Mississippi,…to be delivered into a suitable number of
districts, for the reception of such tribes or nations of
Indians as may choose to exchange the lands where they
now reside, and remove there…
…in the making of any such exchange or exchanges…the
President [shall] solemnly…assure the tribe or
nation…that the United States will forever secure and
guarantee to them, and their heirs or successors, the
country so exchanged with them.”
Which of the following would be a good summary of
what the Indian Removal Act said?
The United States is being so kind as to
arrange areas that are specially
reserved for Native Americans.
The United States promises that these
lands will belong to the Native
Americans for as long as their
generations stay alive.
We are giving Native Americans a
choice.
All of the above.
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2
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ov
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ft
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St
at
4.
...
3.
is
2.
25% 25% 25% 25%
es
1.
Was this a good deal for the Native
American tribes?
1. Of course so.
50%
2. Certainly not.
50%
Perspective, perspective,
perspective…
Lewis Cass is
the second
from the right
in this picture
of President
Buchanan’s
Cabinet.
Lewis Cass (former U.S. general in War of
1812, governor of Territory of Michigan after
War of 1812-1831) excerpt from a popular
magazine:
“The destiny of the Indians, who inhabit the cultivated portions
of the territory of the United States,…has long been a
subject of debate…
[They are a] barbarous people, depending for subsistence
upon the scanty and precarious supplies furnished by the
chase, [and] cannot live in contact with a civilized
community…
Let the offer of a new country be made to them with ample
means to reach it and to subsist in it, with ample security for
its peaceful and perpetual possession…”
Which side did Cass support?
1. White settlers
2. Native Americans
50%
50%
1
2
3
4
5
Why, according to Cass, were the Cherokees
(and other tribes living in the southeastern
states), unable to live with success “in contact
with a civilized community?”
They don’t speak English
They’re too advanced to deal
with rough settlers
Their children are too cute and
make the settlers feel inferior
They are barbaric, and they
only know how to hunt. They
are generally shabby.
2
3
4
5
Th
ey
ar
e
..
,a
n.
ba
rb
a
ar
e
hi
ld
re
n
ric
to
o
d
ce
va
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’re
ey
...
..
...
Th
1
Th
Th
ey
do
to
o
n’
t
ad
sp
e
4.
En
3.
25% 25% 25% 25%
ak
1.
2.
Tribal Territories in the United
States
Theodore Frelinghuysen (New Jersey senator
opposed to the Indian Removal Act) speaking
to Congress during the Indian Removal Act
debates:
“God, in his providence, planted these tribes on this…continent.
…we cannot rightfully complete the cession {giving up} of [their] lands,
or take them by violence, if [their] consent be withheld…
The confiding {trusting} Indian [over many years] listened to our
professions {declaration} of friendship; we called him brother, and he
believed us. Millions after millions he has yielded to our importunity
{repeated requests}, until we have acquired more than can be
cultivated in centuries—and yet we crave more. We have crowded
the tribes upon a few miserable acres [in our South]; it is all that is
left to them of their once boundless forests: and still…our insatiated
{unsatisfied} cupidity {extreme greed} cries, Give! Give!”
Which side did Frelinghuysen
support?
50%
1. White settlers
2. Native Americans
50%
1
2
3
4
5
What, according to Senator Frelinghuysen, was the
real reason why President Jackson wanted to
relocate the Cherokees and other southeastern
tribes west, beyond the Mississippi River?
25% 25% 25% 25%
ov
e
D
ab
RE
E
1
2
3
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A
ll
o
ft
he
G
RE
E
G
RE
E
G
D
GREED
GREED
GREED
All of the above
D
1.
2.
3.
4.
Whose quotations have made the most sense
to you out of all of these arguments?
1. President James Monroe
20%
2. President Andrew Jackson
20%
3. Cherokee Nation
20%
4. Lewis Cass
20%
5. Theodore Frelinghuyson
20%
1
2
3
4
5
INDIAN REMOVAL:
Is it justified?
It’s April 1830, and Congress is
debating the Indian Removal Act.
Should this law be passed?
Write a newspaper editorial that
expresses your opinion.
Must include quotations and
references to information from this
week’s Turning Points slides and
background knowledge gained
through our previous in-class study
of this topic.