Transcript sol_review - Ms Roache`s Place

Jim Crow Laws
• Were made to discriminate against African
Americans.
• Affected four main areas of life.
– Education
– Housing
– Employment
– Government
African American Response
to Jim Crow
• African American response to Jim Crow
was varied.
BookerDuBois
T. Washington
•• W.E.B.
Believed in
that
–– Believed
fullequality
political,could
civil, be
andgained
social rights
through
vocational
education.
for
African
Americans.
– He accepted social segregation.
Westward Expansion
Before the Civil War….
Americans looked at The Great Plains as
a Treeless Wasteland
After the Civil War because of New Technologies
Americans looked at The Great Plains as
a Vast Area to be Settled.
Why The Great Plains?
1. Opportunity for land ownership
2. Technological advances, like the
Transcontinental Railroad.
3. Possibility of wealth when gold and
silver were discovered
4. New beginning for former slaves.
5. Adventure.
1. Who wanted full political, civil and social rights for
African Americans?
A. W.E.B. DuBois
B. Booker T. Washington
2. All of the following were reasons for westward
expansion EXCEPT….
A.
B.
C.
D.
Possibility of wealth
Adventure
New Beginning for former slaves
Escape from oppressive governments
Immigration and Industrialization
• Between the Civil War and WWI the
United States changed.
• The US changed from an agricultural to an
industrial nation.
• What does that mean?
Mechanization
• Mechanization means that machines are
doing the work that men once did.
• Farmers had reduced labor needs on their
farms by using machines like the reaper.
• The reaper did the work of nine men!
These men went to the cities looking for
work. This helped the cities grow.
Big Business
Big Businesses like
• Railroads
• Oil
• Steel
built up in the cities because….
• National markets had been created by
improvements in transportation.
• The captains of industry had the money to start
them.
• Advertising and..
• Lower cost production.
Increased Immigration
• Many immigrants came to the US in the
late 19th century. They came for the
following reasons…..
•
•
•
•
Hope for better opportunities
Religious freedom
Escape from oppressive governments
Adventure
So many immigrants moving to the cities helped them to grow.
Specialized Industries
• Some cities specialized in certain
industries.
• Chicago specialized in meatpacking
• Pittsburgh specialized in Steel
• Detroit specialized in Automobiles
• Specializing in an industry helped the
cities grow larger.
Why did cities develop?
Can you name three reasons that cities developed?
1. Specialized industries in some cities.
2. Immigration from other countries.
3. Movement of Americans from rural to urban areas.
Child Labor
• Many children in the late
19th and
20th liked to
• Many
US early
employers
centuries
had
work
hire
children
toto
work
in to
the
help support their
factories, because they
families.
didn’t have to pay children
as much as adults.
• Conditions were not good
in factories for children.
Children
weretoago
They
were unable
of labor.
tocheap
school,source
the factories
were not safe, and the
children did not make
much money.
Cultural Conflicts
• As the United States grew, there were
conflicts with different cultures.
• Many immigrants faced discrimination.
• The Irish and Chinese are two examples
of immigrant groups that faced
discrimination in the late 19th century.
Indian Conflicts
• Battle of Little Big Horn
• Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce
1. Who was the chief of the Nez Perce Indians?
A. Sitting Bull
B. Chief Joseph
2. Why did employers want to hire children?
A. There were many children looking for work
B. They were cheap labor
C. They were better workers
3. Can you name the three reasons cities
developed?
1. Specialized industries in some cities.
2. Immigration from other countries
3. Movement of Americans from rural areas to urban
areareas.
Progressive Movement
• The Progressive Movement started in the
late 19th century and lasted until about
1920.
• The purpose of the Progressive Movement
was to make life better for people in the
US.
Progressive Movement
• One thing the Progressive Movement did
was to make working conditions in
factories better.
• Two other things the Progressive
Movement did was women’s suffrage and
prohibition.
Prohibition
• Prohibition was the movement to make
alcohol illegal in the US.
• The 18th Amendment made alcohol illegal.
• People still wanted to drink so….
• They opened speakeasies
• Bootleggers smuggled liquor
• Organized crime grew
Women’s Suffrage
• Susan B. Anthony worked hard to give
women the right to vote.
• Women gained the right to vote with the
19th Amendment.
Spanish American War
Reasons
Results
• Protect American business
interests in Cuba.
• Cuba gained it’s independence
from Spain.
• America supported Cuban
rebels and their fight for
independence against Spain.
• The US becomes a world
power.
• USS Maine exploding in the
Havana Harbor.
• Yellow Journalism
• The US gains the territories of
• Guam
• The Philippines
• Puerto Rico
World War I
Reasons
• The US inability to
remain neutral.
• German submarine
warfare. Sinking of
the Lusitania
US Leadership at the end of WWI
• President Woodrow
Wilson prepared a peace
plan that called for the
formation of a peace
keeping organization
called
The League of Nations
• US economic and
political ties to Great
Britain.
1.
wasname
the Amendment
thatthe
Susan
B. Anthony
4. What
Can you
the territories
US gained
after worked
hard
on that gave
women
the right to vote?
the Spanish
American
War?
th
A. 15
Guam,
The Philippines and Puerto Rico
B. 18th
th
5. All ofC.the19following
were reasons for US involvement
th
D. 20
in WWI
EXCEPT….
2. Bootleggers
busy &
during
Prohibition.
A. US were
economic
political
ties to Great Britain
What B.
did The
theyrise
do?of Fascism
C. The United States inability to remain neutral
A.
money
D. Embezzled
Sinking of the
Lusitania
B. Smuggled liquor
C. Ran charities
3. What ship was sunk in the Havana Harbor and was one
6. What
president
hadSpanish
the ideaAmerican
for the League
of theUS
reasons
for the
War? of Nations?
A.
A.
B.
B.
Franklin
LusitaniaRoosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
Titanic
C. Maine
The Great Migration
• African Americans moved to cities in the
north.
• They did this because of the discrimination
and violence in the south.
• Even though they still faced discrimination
and violence, they were able to get better
jobs in the north.
Artists
• Jacob Lawrence painted scenes depicting
African American experiences. He
chronicled The Great Migration.
• Georgia O’Keeffe painted urban scenes
then later was known for southwestern
scenes.
Artists
• F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote about the Jazz
Age of the 1920’s. He wrote a book called
The Great Gatsby.
• John Steinbeck wrote about the poor
migrant workers of the 1930’s in a book
called The Grapes of Wrath.
• Langston Hughes wrote poetry that
combined the experiences of African &
American cultural roots.
Artists
• George Gershwin & Aaron Copland wrote
uniquely American music.
• Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong were
Jazz composers that became famous
during the Harlem Renaissance.
• Bessie Smith was a Blues singer that
became famous during the Harlem
Renaissance.
Harlem Renaissance
• African American artists, writers, and
musicians based in Harlem revealed the
freshness and variety of African American
culture.
• Popularity of artists like Smith, Ellington,
Armstrong, Hughes and Lawrence spread
to all society.
1. Duke Ellington & Louis Armstrong
2. Bessie Smith
3. Langston Hughes
4. Jacob Lawrence
A. George Gershwin & Aaron Copland
B. Georgia Okeeffe
C. F. Scott Fitzgerald
D. John Steinbeck
The Great Depression
• The Great Depression took place in the 1930’s
• The causes of the Great Depression
– People over speculated on stocks, using borrowed
money that they could not repay when stock prices
crashed.
– The Federal Reserve failed to prevent the collapse of
the banking system.
– High tariffs strangled international trade.
The Great Depression
• Impact on Americans
– A large number of banks and businesses failed.
– One fourth of workers were without jobs.
– Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless.
– Farmers’ income fell to low levels.
The New Deal
• Franklin D Roosevelt made The New Deal to
help end the Great Depression.
• Major features of the New Deal.
– Social Security
– Federal work programs
– Environmental improvement programs
– Farm assistance programs
– Increased rights for labor
WWII
• Causes of WWII
– Political instability and economic devastation
in Europe resulting from WWI.
•
•
•
•
Worldwide depression
High war debt owed by Germany
High Inflation
Massive Unemployment
– The Rise of Fascism.
WWII
• Allies
– Great Britain
• Winston Churchill
– United States
• Franklin D Roosevelt
– Soviet Union
• Joseph Stalin
– Canada
• Axis
– Germany
• Adolf Hitler
– Japan
• Hideki Tojo
– Italy
• Benito Mussolini
Change in American Policy
• First
– America believed in isolationism.
• Second
– Economic aid to the Allies.
• Finally
– America became directly involved in WWII.
1. What decade did the Great Depression happen in?
A. 1920’s
B. 1930’s
C. 1940’s
2. All of the following were causes of the
Great Depression EXCEPT…..
A. Over speculation on stocks.
B. ¼ of workers were without jobs.
C. The Federal Reserve failed to prevent
the collapse of the banking system.
D. High tariffs strangled international
trade.
1. Whose idea was the New Deal?
A. Woodrow Wilson
B. Herbert Hoover
C. George Bush
D. Franklin Roosevelt
2. Which one of the following was a feature
of the New Deal?
A. Soup Kitchens
B. Personal Loans to workers
C. Social Security
1. A political philosophy in which total power is given
to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Racism
Communism
Fascism
Capitalism
2. All of the following leaders were Fascist dictators
EXCEPT….
A.
B.
C.
D.
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Stalin
Hideki Tojo
A. Pearl Harbor
F. Battle of Stalingrad
B. D-Day
G. Battle of Britain
C. Germany invaded
Poland
H. Lend Lease
I. Holocaust
D. Germany invaded
France
E. Battle of Midway
J. Atom Bombs dropped
on Japan
Homefront
• American involvement in WWII ended the Great
Depression.
• Thousands of women took jobs in defense
plants during the war. Rosie the Riveter.
• Americans at home supported the war by
conserving and rationing.
• The need for workers temporarily broke down
some racial barriers.
Post War
• Much of Europe was in ruins.
• The US felt it was in their best interest to
help rebuild Europe to prevent another
war.
• The Soviet Union occupied most of
Eastern and Central Europe and the
eastern part of Germany.
Rebuilding Efforts
• The US instituted the Marshall Plan.
• Germany was divided into East & West
Germany.
• West Germany was under the control of France,
Great Britain & The United States.
• East Germany was under the control of the Soviet
Union
Japan After WWII
• Japan was occupied by American forces.
• They soon had a democratic government.
• They started self-government and became
a strong ally of the United States.
Prosperity in the US after WWII
• Businesses converted from production of war
materials to production of consumer goods.
• Americans purchased goods on credit.
• The workforce shifted back to men.
• Most women returned to family responsibilities.
• Labor Unions merged and became more
powerful.
– Workers got new benefits and higher salaries.
• As economic prosperity continued & technology
boomed, the next generation of women reentered the labor force.
The Cold War
• Soviet Union vs. The United States.
• Soviet Union = Communist and Dictatorial
• United States = Capitalist and Democratic
• The Origins of the Cold War
– Differences in goals & ideologies between the USSR
and the US.
– The Soviet Union’s domination over
Eastern European countries.
– American Policy of Containment.
– NATO
– Warsaw Pact
Major Conflicts of the Cold War
• Korean War
• The Cuban Missile Crisis
• The Vietnam War
Collapse of Communism & New
Challenges
• Collapse of Communism in Europe
– Destruction of the Berlin War.
– Breakup of the Soviet Union into independent
countries.
• Challenges after The Cold War
– Role of US military
– Environmental challenges
– Global issues, trade, jobs, diseases
Changing Patterns in US Society
After WWII & The Cold War
• Strong economy, healthy job market
• Greater investment in education
• The Baby Boom
• Interstate highway system
• Evolving role of women
• Eleanor Roosevelt’s role in women’s rights
Changing Patterns in US Society
After WWII & The Cold War
• African Americans aspirations for equal rights
• Changes in make-up of immigrants after 1965 most
immigrants were Hispanics and Asians
• G.I. Bill of Rights
• Truman desegregated the armed forces
• Civil Rights legislation…civil rights act & voting rights act
Civil Rights
• Brown v Board of Education
– Required schools to desegregate.
– Made separate but equal illegal.
• Rosa Parks
– Refused to give up her seat to a white man.
– This started the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
– Practiced passive resistance
– Most famous speech….I have a dream
Civil Rights
• Organized protests like…
– Freedom rides.
– Sit-ins.
– Marches.
• Expansion of the NAACP
– National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
– Banned discrimination based on race, gender, or nat’l origin
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
– Banned voting discrimination.
– Outlawed poll taxes.
– Outlawed literacy tests
Changing Role of Women
• Workplace disadvantages
– Discrimination in hiring practices
– Lower wages for women
• Improved conditions
– NOW
• National Organization for Women
– Federal legislation forced colleges to give
women equal athletic opportunities
– Equal Rights Amendment
• The amendment failed
• But, because of the focus on women’s rights it
created wider range of options and advancement
for women in business and public service.
1. The Civil Rights Movement resulted in legislation
that ensured constitutional rights to all citizens
regardless of…..
A.
B.
C.
D.
Religion
Race
Age
Politics
2. The types of protest against segregated facilities
led by Martin Luther King, Jr. was called….
A. Massive resistance
B. Organized resistance
C. Racial resistance
D. Passive resistance
1. All of the following describe how conditions for
women improved during the second half of the
20th century EXCEPT…..
A. NOW was organized
B. The Equal Rights Amendment passed
C. Federal legislation forced colleges to give
women equal athletic opportunities
D. A focus on equal opportunities for women
created a wider range of options for women
2. What event happened last?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
I have a Dream speech
Brown v Board of Education
Montgomery Bus Boycott