Transcript ANSWER*

These characteristics marked the period known as…
 Scientific revolution
A. the Reformation.
 Interest in Greek and
Roman geography and
mathematics
B. the Crusades.
 Development of new
technologies
D. feudalism.
C. the Renaissance.
ANSWER…
C. the Renaissance.
The MAIN reason that European nations began their
voyages of exploration was to…
A. find a Northwest Passage to Asia to bypass Arab
kingdoms.
B. find an all-water route to Asia to bypass Arab kingdoms.
C. establish colonies in Asia and Africa.
D. find gold.
ANSWER…
B. find an all-water route to Asia to
bypass Arab kingdoms.
Which statement describes the Columbian
Exchange?
A. The introduction of silver as a method of payment after its
discovery in Mexico.
B. Another name for the Northwest Passage.
C. The triangular trade between Europe, Africa, and the
Americas.
D. Interactions between Europe and the Americas that began
with Columbia’s first voyage.
ANSWER…
D. Interactions between Europe and
the Americas that began with
Columbia’s first voyage.
What was the Spanish approach to colonization?
A. They usually immersed themselves into the cultures of the
Native Americans with whom they interacted.
B. They were only interested in land, which they worked and
mined by themselves.
C. They created a highly structured society based on class.
D. They worked closely with Native Americans, learning from
them how to grow plants native to their colonies.
ANSWER…
C. They created a highly structured
society based on class.
France became interested in colonizing North
America because of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
the riches to be made in the fur trade.
the discovery of gold along the St. Lawrence River.
Spain’s colonizing efforts in Florida.
England’s establishment of colonies along the Atlantic
coast.
ANSWER…
A. the riches to be made in the fur trade.
The House of Burgesses was…
A. the building in which the Virginia government met.
B. the governor’s building in Jamestown.
C. the general assembly of the representatives in the Virginia
colony.
D. another name for the Virginia Company.
ANSWER…
C. the general assembly of the
representatives in the Virginia
colony.
Roger Williams and the leaders of the
Massachusetts Bay colony disagreed about…
A.
B.
C.
D.
the role of women in Puritanism.
who could become a minister.
who could be elected to the General Court.
the king’s authority over Native American lands.
ANSWER…
D. the king’s authority over Native
American lands.
Which colony was founded as a “holy experiment”
where complete political and religious freedom
would be allowed?
A. Pennsylvania
B. Maryland
C. Georgia
D. New York
ANSWER…
A. Pennsylvania
The economy of the Middle Colonies was based on…
A. lumbering and shipbuilding.
B. wheat farming and fishing.
C. tobacco and indigo cultivation.
D. wheat farming and trade.
ANSWER…
D. wheat farming and trade.
The purpose of these acts was to…
YEAR
1651
1660
1663
1696
ACT
Colonial trade was to be carried in English ships
Tightened earlier restrictions; certain items,
including tobacco, to be sold only to England or
its colonies
A. Standardize colonial trade
duties.
B. Ensure that colonial trade
benefited England.
Colonial goods sold to Europe had to pass through
English ports first to be taxed
C. Help the depressed English
shipping industry.
Gave customs officials the power to use general
search warrants; Board of Trade created to
oversee colonial economic activity
D. Provide work for English
officials in the colonies.
ANSWER…
B. Ensure that colonial trade
benefited England.
According to John Locke’s social contract theory,
the right of a monarch to rule comes…
A. from Parliament.
B. through heredity.
C. from the people.
D. from God as a divine right.
ANSWER…
C. from the people.
The Proclamation of 1763 created tension between
the colonies and Great Britain because Great
Britain…
A. Allowed France to keep New Orleans and the land west of
the Mississippi River.
B. Created a reservation for Native Americans in the Ohio
Valley.
C. Allowed the French in Quebec to keep their system of laws.
D. Prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian
Mountains.
ANSWER…
D. Prohibited colonial settlement west
of the Appalachian Mountains.
These are characteristics of a movement in the
colonies known as…
 Individual piety
 Emotional union with God
 Questioning of religious authority
 New religious denominations
A. The Enlightenment.
B. The Great Awakening.
C. Separatism.
D. Fundamentalism.
ANSWER…
B. The Great Awakening.
Congress argued that the Stamp Act of 1765…
A.
B.
C.
D.
was an unnecessary measure to regulate trade.
violated the rights of British citizens and colonists alike.
was taxation without representation.
would hurt colonial trade with Great Britain.
ANSWER…
C. was taxation without representation.
What action by the colonists prompted the British
to pass the Coercive Acts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Boston Massacre
The Boston Tea Party
The meeting of the First Continental Congress
The skirmishes at Lexington and Concord
ANSWER…
B. The Boston Tea Party
The purpose of the Continental Congress was to…
A. Provide a central government for the colonies during the
Revolutionary War.
B. Provide a central government for the new nation.
C. Provide a way for the colonies to meet and discuss actions
against British policies.
D. Help the colonies to shape the public opinion and coordinate
plans.
ANSWER…
C. Provide a way for the colonies to
meet and discuss actions against
British policies.
By acting for the colonies that sent them to
Philadelphia, the delegates of the Second
Continental Congress applied the principle of…
A. Limited government.
B. Representative democracy.
C. Federalism
D. States’ rights.
ANSWER…
B. Representative democracy.
Thomas Jefferson based this section of the
Declaration of Independence on…
We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are
created equal, that they are
endowed by their Creator with
certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty,
and the pursuit of Happiness.
A. The writings of Baron
Montesquieu.
B. Thomas Paine’s pamphlet
Common Sense.
C. The writings of John Locke.
D. The Magna Carta.
ANSWER…
C. The writings of John Locke.
I was a Patriot in Boston. When the British decided
to seize a military supply depot, I set out to warn
the minutemen at Lexington and Concord that the
British were coming. Who am I?
A. Sam Adams
B. Paul Revere
C. Crispus Attucks
D. John Adams
ANSWER…
B. Paul Revere
The major turning point in the South during the
Revolutionary War was…
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Battle of Bunker Hill.
Yorktown.
General Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga.
The Battle of Kings Mountain.
ANSWER…
D. The Battle of Kings Mountain.
Which of the following is the BEST title for this diagram?
Weak central
government
Small army
B. Colonial
Disadvantages
?
Untrained
soldiers
A. Colonial Advantages
C. British Advantages
Shortage of
supplies
D. British
Disadvantages
ANSWER…
B. Colonial Disadvantages
As the new nation expanded, slavery was
prohibited in the new western territories by…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Each new state’s constitution.
The Land Ordinance of 1785.
The Northwest Ordinance.
The Articles of Confederation.
ANSWER…
B. The Land Ordinance of 1785.
Great Britain recognized the United States as a
sovereign nation as a result of the…
A. Treaty of Paris of 1783.
B. Declaration of Independence.
C. Articles of Confederation.
D. Olive Branch Petition.
ANSWER…
A. Treaty of Paris of 1783.
As a result of the American Revolution, enslaved
African Americans…
A. Could not be emancipated in the Northern states unless a
court approved.
B. Received emancipation in most of the Northern states.
C. Could not be freed by the state legislatures.
D. Could be returned to Africa.
ANSWER…
C. Could not be freed by the state
legislatures.
Which of the following BEST describes the role of
the central government in regulating commerce
under the Articles of Confederation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The central government completely directed all aspects of
commerce.
The central government directed the states in how to set import
duties.
The Articles of Confederation gave no power to the central
government to regulate commerce.
Each state set its own import duties, which were then approved by
the central government.
ANSWER…
C. The Articles of Confederation gave no
power to the central government to
regulate commerce.
The Virginia Plan would have established a
legislative branch that favored…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Large states.
Small states.
Neither large nor small states.
Large states for purposed of taxation and smaller states
for purposed of representation.
ANSWER…
A. Large states.
Which idea reflected in Baron Montesquieu’s
writings was incorporated into the Constitution?
A. Limited government
B. Popular sovereignty
C. Federalism
D. Separation of powers
ANSWER…
D. Separation of powers
Which of the following is an example of a check on
the power of the executive branch?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Congress can impeach and remove judges.
The president can veto legislation.
Congress must ratify treaties negotiated by the president.
The president makes appointments to federal offices,
including judgeships.
ANSWER…
C. Congress must ratify treaties
negotiated by the president.
People who became concerned about the
weaknesses of the Confederation Congress and
supported a stronger central government became
known as…
A. Confederates.
B. Antifederalists.
C. Nationalists.
D. Patriots.
ANSWER…
C. Nationalists.
Which amendment prevents the federal
government from claiming that the only rights that
individuals have are those listed in the Bill of
Rights?
A.
B.
C.
D.
First Amendment.
Second Amendment.
Ninth Amendment.
Tenth Amendment.
ANSWER…
C. Ninth Amendment.
Prohibiting the search of a residence without a
search warrant is the purpose of the…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Third Amendment.
Fourth Amendment.
Sixth Amendment.
Seventh Amendment.
ANSWER…
B. Fourth Amendment.
The Three-Fifths Compromise related to arguments
over…
A. Representation of large states in Congress.
B. How to count women for purposes of representation.
C. How to count African Americans for purposes of
representation.
D. How to count population in determining when a territory
could become a state.
ANSWER…
C. How to count African Americans
for purposes of representation.
Federalism is built on the principle of…
A. Republicanism.
B. Limited democracy.
C. Reserved powers.
D. Shared powers.
ANSWER…
D. Shared powers.
The first political parties in the United States
developed when members of Congress disagreed
over…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Alexander Hamilton’s financial program.
The amendments to be included in the Bill of Rights.
The president’s cabinet.
Westward expansion.
ANSWER…
A. Alexander Hamilton’s financial program.
The election of 1800 showed that…
A. The nation was being torn apart just as George Washington
had feared.
B. Power could be transferred peacefully even if political
parties disagreed.
C. Only Federalists could win national elections.
D. The Electoral College did not work and needed to be
replaced.
ANSWER…
B. Power could be transferred
peacefully even if political parties
disagreed.
Although the War of 1812 ended in a deadlock, as a
result of the war the United States won…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Territory in the southeast.
Recognition as a sovereign nation from Britain.
European nations’ respect for standing up to Great Britain.
Large reparations for British impressment of U.S. sailors.
ANSWER…
C. European nations’ respect for
standing up to Great Britain.
I began my political career favoring policies that
unified the nation, such as a national bank and a
protective tariff. I ended my career as an ardent
defender of states’ rights. Who am I?
A. Henry Clay.
B. James Monroe.
C. John C. Calhoun.
D. Daniel Webster.
ANSWER…
C. John C. Calhoun.
The expansion of voting rights between 1824 and
1828 occurred as a result of the…
A. Elimination of poll taxes.
B. Elimination of property taxes.
C. Lowering or elimination of property ownership as a voting
requirement.
D. Lowering of the voting age.
ANSWER…
C. Lowering or elimination of property
ownership as a voting
requirement.
The issue in the Nullification Crisis was whether…
A. The federal government could tax imports.
B. The federal government could regulate commerce with
foreign nations.
C. The president could order the military to enforce a law.
D. A state could declare a federal law invalid.
ANSWER…
D. A state could declare a federal law
invalid.
The Trail of Tears was the name given to the…
A. Oregon Trail.
B. Relocation of Native American groups from the Southeast
to the West.
C. Removal of the Cherokee from the Southeast to the West.
D. Mormon trek from the Midwest to the Utah Territory.
ANSWER…
C. Removal of the Cherokee from the
Southeast to the West.
An early nineteenth-century author who wrote
frontier tales was…
A. James Fennimore Cooper.
B. Nathaniel Hawthorne.
C. Edgar Allan Poe.
D. Ralph Waldo Emerson.
ANSWER…
A. James Fennimore Cooper.
The temperance movement worked to...
A.
B.
C.
D.
Reform prisons.
Improve the treatment of the mentally ill.
Prohibit the sale of alcohol.
Provide social services to immigrants.
ANSWER…
C. Prohibit the sale of alcohol.
I crusaded to improve education. I began in
Massachusetts, but my influence soon spread
across the country. I established a state board of
education an set up schools to train teachers. Who
am I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Dorothea Dix.
Lucretia Mott.
Lyman Beecher.
Horace Mann.
ANSWER…
D. Horace Mann.
A split in the abolitionist movement occurred as a
result of the demand for immediate emancipation
of slaves by…
A. The American Colonization Society.
B. William Lloyd Garrison.
C. The Free Soil Party.
D. James Monroe.
ANSWER…
B. William Lloyd Garrison.
As part of immigration restrictions, in 1830 the
Mexican government prohibited American settlers
from bringing enslaved labor to…
A. Texas.
B. New Mexico.
C. California.
D. Louisiana.
ANSWER…
A. Texas.
The purpose of the Fugitive Slave Act was to…
A.
B.
C.
D.
End the slave trade in the District of Columbia.
Outlaw the Underground Railroad.
Enforce the decision of Scott v. Sandford.
Make it easier to find and return escaped African
Americans to their slaveholders.
ANSWER…
D. Make it easier to find and return
escaped African Americans to
their slaveholders.
When the Republican Party organized in 1854,
party members agreed to support…
A. The immediate emancipation of enslaved African
Americans.
B. Gradual emancipation of enslaved African Americans.
C. A ban on slavery in the territories.
D. The principle of popular sovereignty in the territories.
ANSWER…
C. A ban on slavery in the territories.
Fort Sumter became the focus of the conflict
between the North and the South when…
A. President Lincoln announced the fort would be resupplied.
B. Confederate leaders ordered the fort to surrender.
C. Federal forces renounced the Union and handed over the
fort to the Confederacy.
D. Confederate forces overran and captured the fort.
ANSWER…
A. President Lincoln announced the
fort would be resupplied.
The Union Army did not accept African American
enlistees until after…
A.
B.
C.
D.
President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
The confederate victory at Chancellorsville.
The Battle of Antietam.
Passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.
ANSWER…
A. President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Which of the following were two major defeats
from which the confederate Army never
recovered?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
Gettysburg and Fredericksburg.
Fredericksburg and the Second Battle of Bull Run.
Vicksburg and the Second Battle of Bull Run.
ANSWER…
A. Gettysburg and Vicksburg.
Lincoln’s reelection in 1864 was aided by…
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Union defeat of the Southern forces at Chattanooga.
The issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Sherman’s capture of Atlanta.
The end of the war in the West.
ANSWER…
C. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta.
I led Reconstruction efforts in the Senate. I
distrusted the South and thought the federal
government should vigorously enforce the rights
of freed African Americans. Who am I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Thaddeus Stevens.
Andrew Johnson.
Stephen Douglas.
Edwin Stanton.
ANSWER…
A. Thaddeus Stevens.
One purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau was to…
A. Redistribute land from former slaveholders to freed
African Americans.
B. Register African Americans to vote.
C. Established state governments in former Confederate
states.
D. Help freed African Americans negotiate labor contracts
with planters.
ANSWER…
D. Help freed African Americans
negotiate labor contracts with
planters.
The purpose of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and
Fifteenth Amendments was to…
A. Punish the former Confederate states.
B. Satisfy abolitionists.
C. Guarantee certain rights and freedoms for African
Americans.
D. Make it easier for Southern states to be readmitted to the
Union.
ANSWER…
C. Guarantee certain rights and
freedoms for African Americans.
The Fifteenth Amendment…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Emancipated African Americans.
Guaranteed African Americans due process under the law.
Conferred citizenship to all African Americans.
Granted all male African Americans the right to vote.
ANSWER…
D. Granted all male African Americans
the right to vote.
The federal government passed the Homestead Act
in order to encourage…
A. Construction of a transcontinental railroad.
B. The fencing of the open range.
C. Settlement of the Great Plains.
D. Development of agricultural colleges.
ANSWER…
C. Settlement of the Great Plains.
As people’s attitudes about the treatment of
Native American changed, Congress passed the
Dawes Act in 1887. This act reflected the new
policy of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Isolationism.
Assimilation.
Recognition of Native American sovereignty.
Naturalization.
ANSWER…
B. Assimilation.
The last Native American attempt to resist federal
authority took place at…
A. Sand Creek.
B. Medicine Lodge Creek.
C. Wounded Knee.
D. The Little Big Horn River.
ANSWER…
C. Wounded Knee.
I refused to be relocated to a smaller reservation
in Idaho. Instead I led the Nez Perce in a flight of
almost 1,300 miles before I had to give up. Who am
I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Chief Joseph.
Little Crow.
Sitting Bull.
Crazy Horse.
ANSWER…
A. Chief Joseph.
The United States was able to industrialize quickly
because of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Its lack of labor unions.
Its abundance of natural resources.
Its low tariffs on imports.
The depressed price of agricultural products.
ANSWER…
B. Its abundance of natural resources.
The Knights of labor lost support as a result of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
The union’s refusal to accept African Americans.
The failure of the Great Railroad Strike of 1877.
The union’s call for equal pay for women.
The violence of the Haymarket Riot.
ANSWER…
D. The violence of the Haymarket Riot.
Andrew Carnegie believed that those who profited
from society should give back to society by using
their money for social progress. This philosophy is
know as…
A. Social Darwinism.
B. The Gospel of Wealth.
C. Individualism.
D. Single tax theory.
ANSWER…
B. The Gospel of Wealth.
The Grange, the Greenback Party, and the Populist
Party were established to benefit…
A. Farmers.
B. Ranchers.
C. Bankers.
D. Factory workers.
ANSWER…
A. Farmers.
Although not a Populist Party member, my stands
on issues appealed to Populists. I was a Democrat
and the Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture. I
ran for governor in 1892 but was defeated by
another Democrat. Who am I?
A. Reuben Kolb.
B. James B. Weaver.
C. Thomas G. Jones.
D. Oliver H. Kelly.
ANSWER…
A. Reuben Kolb.
The major issue in the presidential election of 1896
was…
A.
B.
C.
D.
immigration.
Antitrust laws.
The gold standard versus the silver standard.
Growing U.S. imperialism.
ANSWER…
C. The gold standard versus the silver
standard.
Segregation was enforced in the South as a result
of the…
A. Grandfather clause.
B. End of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
C. Passage of Jim Crow laws.
D. Policy of Manifest Destiny.
ANSWER…
C. Passage of Jim Crow laws.
The opening of Japan to trade and the annexation
of the Hawaiian Islands and the Philippines were
the result of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Open Door Policy.
Congress’s desire to establish protectorates.
Cultural superiority.
Imperialism.
ANSWER…
D. Imperialism.
As U.S. secretary of state, I championed the idea of
Pan-Americanism. I wanted American nations to
work out their disputes peacefully. Who am I?
A.
B.
C.
D.
James G. Blaine
Henry Cabot Lodge
Matthew Perry
Alfred T. Mahan
ANSWER…
A. James G. Blaine
The Rough Riders fought in the Spanish-American
War in…
A. Puerto Rico.
B. Cuba.
C. The Philippines.
D. Panama.
ANSWER…
B. Cuba.
As a result of the Platt Amendment, Cuba…
A.
B.
C.
D.
Gained complete independence.
Was annexed by the United States.
Became a protectorate of the United States in all but name.
Received commonwealth status.
ANSWER…
C. Became a protectorate of the
United States in all but name.
Ida Tarbell, who published The History of the
Standard Oil Company, was one the progressives
whose focus on big business led to…
A. Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
B. Washburn v. Illinois.
C. Establishment of the American Federation of Labor.
D. The prosecution and breakup of the company.
ANSWER…
A. Passage of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
After the Civil War, the suffrage movement split
over…
A. Whether to give up the fight for the vote or continue.
B. Whether to support passage of the Fourteenth and
Fifteenth Amendments without the inclusion of women.
C. Whether to work for temperance as well as suffrage.
D. The best strategy to use in order to gain the vote.
ANSWER…
B. Whether to support passage of the
Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
without the inclusion of women.
I was head of the U.S. Forestry Service under
President Theodore Roosevelt. I was a progressive
who believed the role of government was to
regulate private business. I wrote rules governing
how lumber companies could cut timber in federal
forests. Who am I?
A. J.P. Morgan
B. Eugene V. Debs
C. John Muir
D. Gifford Pinchot
ANSWER…
D. Gifford Pinchot
Woodrow Wilson’s program of reform was know
as the…
A. New Nationalism.
B. New Freedom.
C. Fair Deal.
D. Square Deal.
ANSWER…
B. New Freedom.
The Niagara Movement, which began when
progressives did not address reform issues for
African Americans, led to the formation of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
settlement houses.
The Congress of Racial Equality.
The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored
People.
ANSWER…
D. The National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People.
The third member of the Triple Entente, along with
Great Britain and Russia, was…
A. France.
B. Germany.
C. Austria-Hungary.
D. the United States.
ANSWER…
A. France
Before the United States entered World War I, U.S.
business interests supported Great Britain rather
than Germany because…
A. many U.S. businesspeople were of British ancestry.
B. The British pound relied on the health of the U.S. economy.
C. Many U.S. companies and banks had strong ties to
businesses in Britain and the other Allied countries.
D. German companies did not do business with U.S. companies.
ANSWER…
C. Many U.S. companies and banks had
strong ties to businesses in Britain
and the other Allied countries.
The Palmer raids occurred as a result of…
A.
B.
C.
D.
the rise of organized crime.
The Red Scare.
Prohibition.
The use of strikebreakers during the 1919 strikes.
ANSWER…
B. the Red Scare.
Under the provisions of the National Origins Act of
1924, most immigrants to the United States in the
1920s came from…
A.
B.
C.
D.
northern and western Europe.
Asia.
southern and eastern Europe.
Africa.
ANSWER…
A. northern and western Europe.
Racial pride and the flourishing of jazz and blues
are characteristics that describe a cultural
movement during the 1920s known as…
A. romanticism.
B. Greenwich Village.
C. realism.
D. the Harlem Renaissance.
ANSWER…
D. the Harlem Renaissance.
As the economy boomed during the 1920s,
Americans changed how they bought and paid for
goods as a result of…
A. an increase in the number of banks.
B. Installment credit.
C. the assembly line.
D. mass production.
ANSWER…
B. Installment credit.
The effects of the stock market crash of 1929
were made worse by the…
A.
B.
C.
D.
sale of U.S. agricultural products abroad.
passage of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff.
Federal Reserve’s raising of interest rates.
continued speculation in the stock market.
ANSWER…
B. passage of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff.
Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first act in office was to…
A. ask Congress to establish the Reconstruction Finance
Corporation.
B. Shut down the stock market.
C. Ask Congress to set up soup kitchens.
D. Declare a “bank holiday.”
ANSWER…
D. Declare a “bank holiday.”
Which of the following New Deal programs
provided jobs for Americans?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
National Labor Relations Act
Civil Works Administration
Emergency Banking Relief Act
ANSWER…
C. Civil Works Administration
The New Deal era came to an end…
A.
B.
C.
D.
when the Supreme Court struck down New Deal legislation.
with the recession of 1937.
when World War II began.
when Republicans and Southern Democrats blocked
additional New Deal legislation in Congress.
ANSWER…
D. when Republicans and Southern
Democrats blocked additional New
Deal legislation in Congress.
Hitler appealed to many Germans’…
A. fear of fascism.
B. concern over the growing power of right-wing political
parties.
C. resentment over the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
D. hatred of Czechs and Poles.
ANSWER…
C. resentment over the terms of the
Treaty of Versailles.
The turning point for the Allies in the war in the
Pacific was the…
A. Battle of Stalingrad.
B. Battle of Britain.
C. Battle of Midway.
D. Capture of Casablanca.
ANSWER…
C. Battle of Midway.