Transcript Human Body Systems - Maria Regina High School

Human Body Systems
Chapter 35-1
Organization of the body
1. CELLS:
• Simplest, lowest level of organization
• Each cell type has a different function and special features
• All cells have the same DNA within one organism
2. TISSUE:
• A group of cells that work together with a common function
• 4 types:
1. Epithelial – lines surfaces of organs
2. Connective – support for the body and connect different
parts
3. Nervous – transmits nerve impulses through body
4. Muscle – moves body parts and organs
Picture of Body Tissues
4 basic tissues from non-related
locations
4 basic tissues in related locations of one organ
Organization of the body Continued
3. Organs:
• A group of different tissues that work together with a
common function
• Ex: Eye, heart
4. Organ Systems:
• A group of organs that work together with a common
function
• There are 11 organ systems
Maintaining Homeostasis: Feedback Inhibition
 In order to maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment), the human
body is constantly monitoring itself
 In order to keep body levels in a constant range, a process called “Feedback
Inhibition” is used
 When the concentration or amount of something gets too high, it causes the
production to shut off
 When the concentration or amount of something gets too low, it causes the
production to turn on
 Example: Home heating system
 If you set the thermostat to 70, the heater warms the house until that temperature
 An internal sensor shuts off the heater when the temperature is 70
 If the temperature drops too far below 70, the internal sensor turns the heater back
on
How is Feedback Inhibition Used in the Body?
 Maintaining homeostasis requires all 11 body systems to
work together
 Feedback Inhibition is used to maintain normal levels of the
following:
 Temperature (Similar to a home heating system)
 Nervous, integumentary, and muscular systems all work together
 pH
 Water concentration
 Hormone Levels
 Many more!!
Body Systems: Integumentary
 Includes:
 Skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil
glands
 Function:
Regulated body temp
2. Excrete a small amount of
waste through sweat
3. Protective barrier from
invaders and infection
4. Protection from UV radiation
1.
Body Systems: Skeletal
 Includes:
 Bones, cartilage, ligaments,
tendons
 Functions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Supports the body
Protects internal organs
Allows movement (in
conjunction with the muscular
system)
Stores minerals (ex: Calcium)
Site of blood cell formation
Body Systems: Muscular
 Includes:
 Skeletal muscle
 Smooth muscle
 Cardiac muscle
 Functions:
Works with the skeletal system
to produce voluntary
movement
2. Helps circulate the blood
3. Moves internal organs
1.
Body Systems: Excretory
 Includes:
 Skin
 Lungs
 Kidneys
 Ureters
 Urinary bladder
 Urethra
 Function:
1.
Eliminates cellular, metabolic
waste
Body Systems: Digestive
 Includes:
 Mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small and large
intestines, rectum
 Function:
1.
Converts foods into simpler
molecules tat can be used by
the cells of the body: absorbs
food, eliminates non-digestable
material
Body Systems: Circulatory
 Includes:
 Heart
 Blood vessels
 Blood
 Function:
Brings oxygen, nutrients, and
hormones to cells
2. Fights infection
3. Removes cell wastes
4. Helps to regulate body
temperature
1.
Body System: Respiratory
 Includes:







Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
 Function:
Provides oxygen needed for
cell respiration and removes
excess carbon dioxide
2. Aka: Gas exchange
1.
Body Systems: Nervous
 Includes:
 Brain, spinal cord,
peripheral nerves
 Functions:
1. Recognizes and
coordinates responses to
changes in the internal
and external environment
2. Maintains short-term
homeostasis
Body Systems: Endocrine
 Includes:
 Hypothalamus, pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals,
pancreas, ovaries (in females),
testes (in males)
 Function:
Controls growth and
development
2. Controls metabolism
3. Maintains homeostasis over
the long-term
1.
Body Systems: Reproductive
 Includes:
 Testes, epididymis, vas
deferens, urethra and
penis (males)
 Ovaries, Fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina
(females)
 Function:
Produce reproductive
cells
2. In females: protect,
nurture and develop
an embryo
1.
Body Systems: Lymphatic/Immune
 Includes:
 White blood cells,
thymus, spleen,
lymph nodes,
lymph vessels
 Function:
Helps protect the
body from
disease
2. Collects fluid lost
from blood
vessels and
returns the fluid
to the circulatory
system
1.