Transcript Animal Systems1

Animal Systems
Chapter 1 Lesson 4
Skeletal and Muscular System
What are they?
Skeletal System &
Muscular System
 Made of bones, tendons,
and ligaments
 Bones provide protection for
some soft body organs

The rib cage protects the
heart and lungs. The skull
protects the brain
 Skeletal system provides a
solid framework for the
body

Give structure to the body
and allow it to MOVE.
 Muscles are attached to
bones by tough, rubbery
tendons
 Muscles that cause
movement work in pairs or
opposing groups
 Contacted muscles pull on
the tendon which moves the
bones
 This works together to cause
locomotion
Digestive & Excretory
Systems
 Living things get energy
from food!
 Plants make their own food,
but other organisms have to
ingest, or take in, food
 Digestion is the first step in
releasing the food’s energy
 This system consists of
organs that break down food
so it can be absorbed into
the bloodstream
Digestive System

Human digestion begins in
the mouth where the teeth
grind food into smaller pieces

From the mouth, the food
travels through a muscular
tube called the esophagus to the
stomach

Acid in the stomach helps
break down food

The stomach empties the
partially digested food into
the small intestine. As food
travels, nutrients are absorbed

Blood transports the nutrients
throughout the body

Parts of the food that are not
digested move on to the large
intestine. Any remaining
materials then leave the body
as waste
Excretory System
 Animals need to remove
waste that builds up in their
bodies. The excretory system
removes wastes from the
body
 Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
containing wastes need to be
removed from the body. The
liver filters these nitrogen
wastes from the blood and
converts them into urea
 Urea is carried by the blood
to the kidneys
 Kidneys remove waste from
the blood using millions of
tiny filters called nephrons
 The kidneys produce urine
from excess water and the
collected wastes from the
nephrons
 Once the bladder is full,
urine leaves the body
through a tube called the
uretha.
Respiratory &
Circulatory
Systems
The cells of all animals are living
things that require oxygen and food
The respiratory and circulatory
systems are two organ systems that
work together to provide oxygen and
food to cells
Respiratory & Circulatory
System

When a tiger breathes in, air enters
its body through its nose and
mouth. The air travels through
tubes called bronchi.

Circulation begins as oxygen-poor
blood gets pumped by the tiger’s
heart to its lungs.

In the lungs, the blood carrying
carbon dioxide picks up oxygen
from the air in the alveoli and at the
same time the blood releases carbon
dioxide

Carbon dioxide is a waste product
given off by cells. It leaves the
body when the tiger breathes out

The oxygen-rich blood flows back
to the heart and the heart pumps
the blood around the body

When it reaches the small intestine,
it picks up nutrients and the
nutrient-rich and oxygen-rich blood
can be delivered to the body’s cells

The blood moves through the
body, traveling through blood
vessels.

Blood reaches tiny vessels called
capillaries.

Cells pass their waste materials
back through capillaries and into
the blood. This oxygen-poor blood
gets pumped back to the heart, and
the process continues
Circulatory System
Circulates oxygen-rich blood throughout the body
The main organ is the heart
Nervous System

Works with other body
systems to help organisms
respond to stimuli

Includes the brain, spinal
cord, and sense organs

The nervous system is divided
into two parts. The brain and
the spinal cord make up the
central nervous system

The brain controls heartbeat,
breathing, and the muscles in
the digestive system

Nerve cells are called neurons
and each does a different job
to help your body respond to
stimuli

There are three different kinds
of neurons- sensory,
associative, and motor

In addition to responses to
external stimuli, your body
also responds to internal
stimuli. Your body regulates
its internal environment to
keep a stable condition for
survival