Transcript 10 Body Systems - Coosa High School

Introduction to Animals
Section 1 – Characteristics of All Animals
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
Common ancestor
Domain
Eukarya
Animals
Invertebrates
(animals without a backbone)
Porifera
Cnidaria
Worms
Mollusks
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Animals
VertebratesAnimals
with backbones
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Animal Groups
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
1. Are ____________________
EUKARYOTES
cells have nucleus & membrane bound
organelles
HETEROTROPHIC
2. Are ____________________
get food from consuming other organisms
MULTICELLULAR
3. Are ____________________
made of many cells
4. Show __________________
SPECIALIZATION
different kinds of cells do different jobs
Characteristics of ALL Animals:
5. _____________
(at some point in life cycle)
MOVE
for food, find mates, escape danger
DNA
6. Contain _____________
which carries the genetic code
REPRODUCE
7. ____________________
Make offspring
Most have sexual reproduction (few asexual)
10 Body Systems :
1. _____________________
INTEGUMENTARY
OUTSIDE BODY COVERING
(fur, skin, scales, feathers)
Covers and protects, ID,
prevents heat & water loss
10 Body Systems :
DIGESTIVE
2. ________________
Breaks down food
to obtain nutrients
& gets rid of
undigested waste
Only one opening: FOOD IN and WASTE
OUT through same opening
Two openings:
FOOD IN at one end (mouth)
WASTE OUT at other end (ANUS)
Two openings: Most efficient
If food flows only one direction it
allows for organ specialization
(Different parts can start to do different jobs)
10 Body Systems :
3. __________________
CIRCULATORY
Transports nutrients/oxygen to body cells
Carries carbon dioxide/nitrogen waste
away from cells
Circulatory fluid can be:
CLOSED
inside blood vessels = _________
loose inside body spaces = _______
OPEN
10 Body Systems :
4. ___________________
RESPIRATORY
Exchange gases with the
environment
•take in oxygen
•get rid of waste gases
(CO2 &/or ammonia)
10 Body Systems :
EXCRETORY
5. ___________________
• Get rid of nitrogen waste made by
cells
• Help with HOMEOSTASIS
by maintaining water/ion balance
OSMOREGULATION
(_________________________)
NITROGEN WASTE :
AMMONIA
Most TOXIC
Must be removed QUICKLY
Needs MOST water to dilute
_________________
UREA
_________________
Made from ammonia by liver
Less toxic than ammonia
Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs less water to dilute than ammonia)
URIC ACID
_________________
LEAST TOXIC
Can be stored if diluted with water
(Needs LEAST amount of water to dilute
10 Body Systems :
SKELETAL
6. ___________________
Framework to support body/protection
ENDOSKELETON
Skeleton on inside = _______________
EXOSKELETON
Skeleton on outside = _______________
10 Body Systems :
MUSCULAR
7. _______________
Locomotion- move body itself
OR
move substances through body
(EX: food through digestive system;
blood through vessels)
10 Body Systems :
REPRODUCTIVE
8. _____________________
Produce offspring by combining
genetic material from 2 parents
= __________________________
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Produce offspring using genetic
material from only 1 parent
=_____________________________
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
10 Body Systems :
______________
DEVELOPMENT
INDIRECT
immature LARVA looks different than
adult
__________
DIRECT DEVELOPMENT
young are smaller
versions on adults
Sperm and egg join
External fertilization
outside female’s body =___________________
Sperm and egg join
inside female’s body = ____________________
Internal fertilization
9. ___________________
NERVOUS
Receive sensory info
about environment
&
send response signals
ENDOCRINE
10. __________________
Make hormones
that regulate
other body systems
(only in higher animals)
ALL WASTE is NOT THE SAME!
DIGESTIVE
WASTE
NITROGEN
WASTE
WHERE ITS
MADE?
made by cells
left over from
undigested food from break
down of proteins
Body system
used?
Handled by
Handled by
digestive system excretory system
In what form?
Feces
(poop)
ammonia, urea,
or uric acid
Kinds of Symmetry
No symmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
___________________
ASYMMETRY
No symmetry
Doesn’t matter
how you cut it;
you never get
2 identical
halves.
Radial Symmetry
_______
Get 2 identical halves in several directions.
Bilateral
___________
Symmetry
If divide animal down
the middle you get 2
mirror images
BUT only divides
equally in ONE
direction
All animals except sponges,
jellyfish, anemones have 3 germ
layers in their embryos
Endoderm Digestive system,
respiratory
Muscle,
excretory,
bones,
Mesoderm
circulatory
Outer
skin,
brain,
Ectoderm
nervous system
Types of Coeloms (See-lums)
No cavity (space) around organs
ACOELOM = “without space”
Types of Coeloms
Space around organs but only lined with
mesoderm on one side
(lines body wall BUT NOT around gut)
PSEUDOCOELOM
Kinds of Coeloms
EUCOELOM: Body cavity (space)
lined on BOTH sides by
mesoderm
EUCOELOM = TRUE COELOM = COELOM
EUCOELOMATES
ALL
VERTEBRATES &
SOME
INVERTEBRATES
ALL ANIMALS you will dissect this year are EUCOELOMATES!
3 Types of Coeloms
ACOELOM
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
EUCOELOM
PSEUDOCOELOM
Advantages of having a
COELOM (body space):
Provides space for internal organs
In animals without a skeletonFluid in coelom space can act as a
HYDROSTATIC skeleton
In animals without blood vesselsFluid in coelom space can circulate
nutrients and oxygen to cells
Which way is up?
DORSAL (top)
ANTERIOR
head end
POSTERIOR
tail end
VENTRAL (underneath)
CEPHALIZATION
________________
Concentration of
nervous tissue and
sensory organs
in anterior end of an
organism (head area)