Transcript Respiratory System

Do Now
• Read the article and answer the questions
Respiratory System
Chapter 16
Objectives
• To understand the functions of the respiratory
system.
• To identify the major organs and components
of the respiratory system.
The Respiratory System
• Intro to Respiration Video
Respiratory Fun!
• Complete the Crossword, Wordsearch, and fillin the blank to see how much you already
know about the Respiratory System!
Do Now
• Define the following terms…
– Tidal volume
– Vital Capacity
Objectives
• To determine your own vital capacity and tidal
volumes.
• To graph the vital capacity of an athlete vs. a
non-athlete.
Lung Capacity Lab
Do Now
• Name as many structures involved in the
respiratory system as possible!
Objectives
• To explain the functions of the respiratory
system.
• To identify the different organs and structures
that are part of the respiratory system.
Functions of the Respiratory System
• Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.
• Trap particles from incoming air and help
control the temperature and water content of
the air
• Produce vocal sounds
• Participate in the sense of smell
• Regulate blood pH
Organs of the Respiratory System
• 1) Upper Respiratory Tract
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Nose
Nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
pharynx
• 2) Lower Respiratory Tract
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Larynx
Trachea
Bronchial tree
lungs
Organs of the Respiratory System
The Nose
• Two nostrils- openings
in which air can enter
and leave
• Nasal septum- divides
the cavity into left and
right cavities
• Nasal conchae- bones
that curl out, dividing
the cavity into
passageways
Mucus Membrane
• Lines the nasal cavity
and help increase its
surface area
• Contains
pseudostratified
ciliated epithelium
– Goblet cells secrete
mucus
• Blood vessels warm air
Cilia
Sinuses
• Air-filled spaces
located within the
skull
• Reduce the weight of
the skull
• Affect the quality of
the voice
Pharynx
• Behind the oral cavity
and between the
nasal cavity and
larynx
• Common passageway
for food esophagus
and air larynx
Larynx
– Air enters the larynx
through the glottis
– The epiglottis folds over
the glottis, preventing
entry of liquids or food
– 9 cartilages
– Vocal cords surround
glottis
• Puberty changes
caused by
testosterone, vocal
cords lengthen and
enlarge- lower tones
*Laryngoscopy Video!
Larynx
Trachea- “Windpipe”
–C-shaped cartilage rings (hyaline cartilage)
keep passageways open
–Opening of cartilage is near the back of
trachea to allow food to pass through the
esophagus
–Smooth muscle changes the size of the
trachea when it contracts
Bronchi/Bronchioles
• Trachea branches into
the right and left
primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi and
so on…
• Bronchiole: when the
bronchi no longer
have cartilage they
are called
bronchioles.
Asthma Video Clip
Bronchioles lead to Alveoli
• Respiratory bronchioles open into passageways called alveolar ducts
that end at alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Review
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Mouth 
Pharynx (throat) 
Larnyx (voicebox) 
Trachea (windpipe) 
Bronchi  Primary, secondary and tertiary
Bronchioles 
Terminal bronchiole 
Respiratory bronchiole 
Alveoli
Do Now
• List the pathway of air beginning with
breathing through the nose!
Objectives
• To explain the function and necessity of
surfactant in the lungs.
• To explain the differences in pressure during
inspiration and expiration.
• To define the different volumes and
capacities within the lungs.
The Lungs
• Contains Lobes
– Right lung= 3 lobes
– Left Lung= 2 lobes
• Within the “pleural
cavity”
– Parietal pleural
membrane
– Visceral pleural
membrane
Breathing Vocab
• Ventilation: breathing
• Inspiration: inhalation, breathing in
• Expiration: exhalation, breathing out
Inspiration
• Atmospheric pressure forces air into the
lungs while diaphragm is contracting.
• Pressure is higher outside the lungs
Surface Tension
• Alveoli attract water
molecules and cause
surface tension,
alveoli are harder to
inflate and can
actually collapse
• Alveolar cells
synthesize
“surfactant” to fight
this and make it easier
to inflate the alveoli.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
• Premature babies do not produce sufficient
surfactant and cannot breathe properly.
• Doctors drip synthetic surfactant into their
lungs through a tube and they breath using
a ventilator.
Expiration
• The elastic recoil of the lung tissue and
decreased diameter of the alveoli creates a
very slightly greater pressure inside the
lungs than the atmosphere, forcing the air
out.
Non-respiratory Air Movements
• Caughing: airway obstruction in lower
respiratory tract causes us to inhale, close the
glottis, and force air out, opening the glottis and
forcing out the obstruction.
• Sneezing: airway obstruction in upper
respiratory tract, air forced through glottis into nasal
passage. (can be propelled out at 200mph! Gross!!)
• Laughing: Taking a breath and releasing it in
short expirations.
• Hiccuping: sudden inspiration due to a
spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm when the
glottis is closed, passing air over vocal cords causes
a hiccup sound.
• Yawning: low blood-oxygen concentration triggers
yawn reflex that ventilates more of the alveoli.
Respiratory Volumes
• Measure by an instrument called a
“spirometer”.
• We already know 1 volume from our lab.
• What is it?
Respiratory Volumes
• Tidal Volume: volume of air entering or
leaving during a single respiratory cycle.
• Inspiratory Reserve Volume: extra air in
lungs during forced inspiration.
• Expiratory Reserve Volume: air that exits
during forced expiration.
• Residual Volume: air left in lungs even after
forced expiration.
Respiratory Capacities
• Combining two or more volumes gives us a
capacity.
• 1) Vital capacity= inspiratory reserve
volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve
volume.
• 2) Inspiratory capacity= tidal volume +
inspiratory reserve volume.
• 3) Function residual capacity= expiratory
reserve volume + residual volume.
• 4) Total Lung Capacity= vital capacity +
residual volume. (about 5,800 ml)
Respiratory Capacities
Review
• Which non-respiratory air movement can
clear an obstruction from the upper
respiratory tract?
• If you were to completely breath out
everything you have in your lungs, what
“volume” would still be left in there?
• What is the name of the substance that
allows inflation of the alveoli and is lacking
in respiratory distress syndrome?
Respiratory Diseases
• Read about the respiratory conditions and
answer the questions.