Transcript Human Body Systems (3) 2015x

Unit 8: Human Body Systems
Learning Target:
I will be able to..
• Identify the major parts
of each human body
system and explain its
function.
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCFUpIkhVBI
School House Rock Body
The BIG Idea!
(not to scale!)
Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems  Organism
▪The Human body is very complex and is
made up of many systems. Each system has
many parts (organs) that must work
together to properly perform their various
functions.
• Skeletal System
• Excretory System
• Respiratory System
How many • Muscular System
• Integumentary System • Circulatory System
are
• Nervous System
• Endocrine System
there? • Digestive System
• Reproductive System
(10)
Monday March
th
16 ,
2015
What is an adaptation?
Do humans have any
adaptations?
▪ PCA:
ADAPTATION:
▪ The change in behavior, physiology,
or structure of an organism to
become more suited to an
environment.
st
1
Example:
▪ Fish have a special
adaptation that allows
them to breathe
underwater! And that is
GILLS!
▪ Explained in this short video:
▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMjSJ
w2aa3M
nd
2
Example
▪ Birds have a special
adaptation that allows
them to fly even better
in the air!
▪ Do you know what that
is?
▪ HOLLOW BONES!
rd
3
Example
▪ Plants have a special
adaptation that allow
them to move water
and sugars that they
make through
photosynthesis,
throughout the entire
plant body!
▪ XYLEM AND PHLOEM!
IF WE HAVE TIME!
▪ Explain on a separate sheet of paper why
plant and animals have different
adaptations that allow them to survive in
the way they do. About half a page long.
(talk about how other animals have
adaptations that let them do what they
do!)
Here are mine:
▪ Why do predators have eyes in
front?
▪ Why do omnivores have all three?
▪ Why do elephants, and other
desert species have bigger ears?
▪ Why do species that live in cold
weather bigger?
▪ Why do carnivores have canine
teeth?
▪ Why are species that live in tropical
weather brighter and more colorful
than species that live in temperate
areas?
▪ Why are arctic animals always
▪ Why do prey have eyes on the side? white?
▪ Why do herbivores have incisors
and molars?
Tuesday March
th
17 ,
2015
What other adaptations can
we think of when it comes to
animals and PLANTS?
▪ PCA:
Unit 8: Human Body Systems
Learning Target:
I will be able to..
• Identify the major parts
of each human body
system and explain its
function.
•
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCFUpIkhVBI
School House Rock Body
SKELETAL SYSTEM
What do you
think it is?
Definition:
–all of the bones in the body working
together
Different Parts:
–Joints: Where bones connect
–Ligaments: connect bone to bone
–Tendons: connect muscle to bone
Skeletal System Cont.:
Major Functions
Major Parts
▪ Bone Layers:
body
–Bones are made up of
2. protects internal organs
different layers
(tissues):
3. muscle attachment
(movement)
–Periosteum
–Compact
4. forms blood cells in the
marrow
–Spongy
–Marrow ( Your blood is
5. stores mineral compounds
(calcium and phosphorous)
made here)
1. shape and support to your
▪ The Skeletal System is Divided into two Different Parts:
▪ Appendicular: Made up of the arms and legs (RED)
▪ Axial: Made up of the Skeleton and rib cage (BLUE)
Summing it up!:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ns2dkT2
sIug
Wednesday March
th
18 ,
2015
Which of the following is not a
part of the skeletal system?
▪ PCA:
A. Periosteum
B. Compact
C. Spongy
D. Marrow
▪ http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/skeleton/Skeleton_game_quiz.htm
Thursday March 19th, 2015
What would happen to our
bodies if we had no skeleton
system?
▪ PCA:
WHAT IS A MUSCLE?
WHICH ONE IS A
MUSCLE?
▪A muscle is defined as
an organ that can
relax, contract, and
provide the force to
move your body parts.
Muscular System
All of the over 600 muscles in your body working together to
help your body move.
Three Types:
▪Skeletal
▪Smooth
▪Cardiac
Two Parts:
▪ Voluntary is the part
you control, Your own
Ex.
▪ Involuntary work on
their own, Your own Ex.
FUNCTION:
1. Generally work in pairs for
voluntary movement (like arms
and legs)
2. Control voluntary/involuntary
movement
3. Help maintain body
temperature and produce heat
▪Let’s Sum it Up: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6u0u_59UDc
Friday March 20th, 2015
How are your skeletal and
muscular system related to
each other.
▪ PCA:
▪ Hint: what would happen to your body with our your skeletal and muscular system.
Monday March
rd
23 ,
2015
What would happen to our bodies if
we had no marrow in our bones. What
if we needed a bone marrow
transplant?
▪ PCA:
THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
▪ WHAT THE HECK IS THIS ONE?
▪ WHAT DO YOU THINK THIS ONE
IS?
▪ THE PICTURE IS A HINT!
Integumentary System
• Major Parts:
• WHAT GIVES OUR
SKIN COLOR IS
• Skin: 3 Layers
st
MELANIN
(REMEMBER 1 ,
nd
rd
2 , and 3 degree • Hair and Nails are
burns)
made up of dead
• Epidermis
cells called keratin
• Dermis
(this is waterproof)
• Hypodermis
FUNCTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Protection from injury and illness
Sensory response (sense of touch)
Makes Vitamin D
Regulates Body temperature (sweating)
Helps the body get rid of waste (sweat and
why it is salty)
Let’s Sum it up: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7m0NiLzZTA
The Layers of Your Skin!
1
2
3
Tuesday March
th
24 ,
2015
What do you think would
happen when your sebaceous
(oil) gland got infected ?
▪ PCA:
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Definition:
▪The respiratory
system supplies
the blood with
oxygen which in
turn carries
oxygen to the
body parts.
•Trachea
•Mouth
•Bronchi
•Nose
•Lungs
•Pharynx
•Alveoli
•Epiglottis
•Larynx
• Parts Include:
Functions:
•Allow the body to take in AND absorb
oxygen
•Allow the body to expel carbon dioxide
and other waste products
•Exchange O2 and CO2 between the air in
the lungs and the blood
• Let’s Sum it Up: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydX8Lw4q2Mk
IMAGES FROM HUMAN BODY TRANSPARENCIES
Emphysema (carbon deposits from smoking)
Edwin P. Ewing, Jr., CDC, DHHS
Wednesday March 25th, 2015
What would happen if you did
not have an epiglottis? Would you
be able to live or would you die?
▪ PCA:
Circulatory System,
Definition:
The circulatory
system is a transport
system that moves
substances through
the body.
What does it sound like?
Major Parts:
• Heart
• Arteries (O2 Rich)
• Veins (O2 Poor)
• Capillaries
• BLOOD:
• Red Blood Cells ( Iron that carries
the blood)
• White Blood Cells
• Platelets
• Plasma
FUNCTION:
▪To move materials though out the
body: oxygen, carbon dioxide and
other wastes, nutrients (food),
hormones (chemical messengers) and
antibodies (fight infection)
▪ Let’s Sum it Up:
▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GbttJ-5do9M
Your heart
▪ Size of your fist
▪ Thick, muscular walls
▪ Divided into two pumps- left and right
▪ Each pump has two chambers
▪ Upper chambers - atrium receives blood coming in from the veins
▪ Lower chambers - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries
Your blood
▪ Red blood cells:
▪ Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste products, etc.
▪ Contain hemoglobin
▪ Last about 4 months
Thursday March
th
26 ,
2015
What is the importance
of the respiratory and the
circulatory system working
together?
▪ PCA:
Friday March
th
27 ,
2015
What organ is essential to
the circulatory and respiratory
system? And what would
happen if you hurt this organ?
▪ PCA:
Wednesday April 1st, 2015
What organ do the
circulatory and the
respiratory system have in
common?
▪ PCA:
Nervous System
•The nervous
system is
responsible for
sending, receiving,
and processing
nerve impulses
throughout the
body.
Brain (3 Major Parts)• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem
• Spinal Cord-main signal
highway
• Nerves/neurons- carry
impulses
FUNCTIONS:
▪Gather information about the
world around you (5 senses)
▪Brain makes sense of information
▪Brain sends out signal for
response
Nervous System Cont.
▪The Nervous System is divided into
two different parts, the Central
N.S. which includes the brain and
spinal cord and the Peripheral
N.S.which includes the nerves.
▪ Let’s Sum it up: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CI5OGLv1t_w
Thursday April
nd
2 ,
2015
What are three
major parts of the
nervous system?
▪ PCA:
Friday April
rd
3 ,
2015
How does the nervous
system interact with other
organ systems?
▪ PCA:
Endocrine System
Definition:
Major Parts:
▪The endocrine
system is
responsible for
sending chemical
messengers all over
your body.
▪ Brain
▪ Glands (such as adrenal
and thyroid)
▪ Hormones (such as
adrenaline and
estrogen)
Endocrine System Cont.
FUNCTION:
▪To produce and
secrete enzymes
and hormones
(chemical
messengers in the
body that control
many different
functions)
The pituitary
gland is the
MASTER gland
and supports
other glands and
directs them!
When you are put
into a stressful
situation, even if
you don’t
“THINK” its
stressful in the
bad way your
body thinks so
and your body
starts producing
adrenaline.
▪ Let’s Sum it up:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gH8dGK7s6lY
FIGHT-OR-FLIGHT RESPONSE
RISKS
DRAW IT!
Increased heart rate
Increased breathing
Change in blood flow
Muscle tension
Pupils dilate
Senses sharpen
Reduced digestion
Heart attack
Stroke
Headaches
Insomnia
High blood pressure
Ulcers
Asthma
Monday April
th
6 ,
2015
How does the endocrine
system control your
sleeping?
▪ PCA:
▪ http://sciencenetlinks.com/interactives/systems.html
th
7 ,
Tuesday April
2015
▪ PCA: What part of the endocrine
belongs to more than one
organ system and how does
it interact with them.
Excretory System
The excretory system
gets rid of waste that
the body does not need.
Major Parts:
• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Bladder
• Uretha
Functions:
▪ Filters the blood to
remove waste products –
urea, salts, and proteins
▪ Stores and allows the
elimination of urine
(waste products and extra
water)
▪
Let’s Sum it up: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d4WrKxxcISE
th
8 ,
Wednesday April
2015
▪ PCA: How are the circulatory
and excretory system
related? And what would
happen if one of your kidneys
were removed?
Reproductive System
•The reproductive
system is responsible for
producing offspring and
CONTINUATION OF THE
SPECIES!
•The male and female
organs are quite
different in structure
and function.
Major Parts:
▪ Ovaries (female)
▪ Testes (male)
Function:
▪ To produce hormones
and human sex cells:
eggs (female) and
sperm (male)
Q&A
▪ What is a fertilized egg called?
▪ Zygote (YOU ARE ONLY ONE CELL!)
▪ When can you hear a heartbeat of a baby?
▪ AROUND 6 WEEKS (JUST ONE SIX WEEKS OF SCHOOL)
▪ How many sperm are in a drop of semen?
▪400 thousand
▪ https://www.dropbox.c
om/lightbox/home/TRC
TISD%207th%20Scienc
e/Unit%208%20Human
%20Body/Reproductive
%20System
▪ http://www.brainpop.c
om/health/bodysystem
s/reproductivesystem/
Thursday April
th
9 ,
2015
What is the unicellular
organism that is created
once the sperm and the egg
join in union?
▪ PCA:
Friday April
th
10 ,
2015
What do you think the
Digestive System does in
the human body?
▪ PCA:
▪ We will also discuss what do you think
happens to our food as we eat?
So Far…
▪WE HAVE LOOKED AT 9
DIFFERENT ORGAN SYSTEMS!
NOW WE ARE GOING TO LOOK
AT OUR FINAL ORGAN SYSTEM,
THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM!
Digestive System
Major Parts of the
▪ Break down food
Digestive System:
(Physical and
–Mouth, esophagus,
Chemical)
stomach, small
▪ Absorb nutrients for
intestine, large
body use
intestine, rectum, and
anus
▪ Store and eliminate
body waste products Accessory (what does this
mean) organs- liver, gall
(solid waste-feces)
bladder, and pancreas
Quick Summary of the Digestive
System:
Mouth (P & C)  Esophagus 
Stomach (P & C)  Small
Intestine (C)  Large Intestine
(P & C)  Anus (P)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnzwbipJuAA
Once you start to chew on the food that you eat it starts to break
down, half physical (also called mechanical) and half chemical
because of the saliva in your mouth. Then from your mouth it goes
down your esophagus (throat). It reaches your stomach where it is
broken down chemically even more by the acids in your stomach.
Then it goes into the small intestine(with the help of the bile that
is produced from the Liver, gall ladder, and pancreas- it helps by
making the acid from the stomach weak and making CHYME)
where the rest of your food is broken down even smaller and
absorbed into the walls of the intestine. The carbohydrates,
proteins, and lipids travel all over your body to be absorbed by the
cells for energy. What’s left goes into the large intestine where the
body tries to absorb as much as it can and makes sure to get as
much water from your food as well. Then what ever is left finally
travels to the rectum and anus and comes out as POOP!
Monday April
▪ PCA: Animals
th
13 ,
2015
are consumers, meaning they need to eat
food for energy because they cannot make their own.
What energy transformation is taking place when an
animal eats food so it can keep warm?
A. Mechanical to thermal
B. Mechanical to radiant
C. Chemical to thermal
D. Radiant to chemical
Organic Compounds:
Found all
through out life
The food we eat is
mostly
carbohydrates
(sugars) and they
are composed of

▪ CARBON
▪ HYDROGEN
▪ NITROGEN
▪ OXYGEN
▪ PHOSPHORUS
▪ SULFUR
CHN-OPS
How can we separate these into two groups?
#1
#4
#7
Gasoline
C8H18
#2
#5
#8 Wood
C6H10O5
#3
#6
Water #9
H2O
#10
Calcite
Rubbing Alcohol
CaCO3
C3H8O
How can we group these items?
Rubbing
Alcohol
C3H8O
Calcite
CaCO3
Gasoline
C8H18
Water
H 2O
Wood
C6H10O5
Once we Eat our food they go through different
changes so we can get all the organic compounds
Physical Change:
▪ A change in the
physical
characteristics of a
substance
▪ What are some
examples?
Chemical Change:
▪ A change in the
chemical
characteristics of a
substance
▪ What are some
examples?
Where do the P&C changes occur in
Digestion?
Mouth 
Esophagus 
Stomach 
Small Intestine 
Large Intestine 
Anus
▪ (P & C)
▪ (P)
▪ (P & C)
▪ (C)
▪ (P & C)
▪ (P)
What does all of this mean?
▪The food that we eat contains organic
compounds (which are body needs)
▪The food that we eat is chemically stored
energy
▪Our body gets this energy by breaking
down our food through physical and
chemical changes
Tuesday April 14th, 2015
Energy stored in foods is _____________;
digested food releases ___________ energy for
movement and ______________ energy as heat.
▪ PCA:
▪ Thermal
▪ Chemical
▪ Mechanical
▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FEACJ-cXsY
Wednesday April
▪ PCA: Glucose is
th
15 ,
2015
in Food that we eat, even
if its meat or plants, its in the form of
what?
▪ CARBOHYDRATES.
Thursday April 16th, 2015
How do we get the nutrients
from the food that we eat?
▪ PCA:
Friday April
th
17 ,
2015
Where does physical change
occur in the digestive system?
Where does chemical change occurs
in the digestive system?
▪ PCA:
▪ http://www.brainpop.com/games/buildabodydigestivesystem/
Monday April
st
21 ,
2015
What type of energy is released
as the chemical energy that is
consumed by food is made into
mechanical energy?
▪ PCA:
▪
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/digestivesystem/
▪ http://www.brainpop.com/games/buildabodydigestivesystem/
Thursday April
rd
23 ,
2015
What is the path that
your food takes in the
digestive system?
▪ PCA:
Friday April 24th, 2015
What is the path
that your food takes
in the digestive
system?
▪ PCA:
LETS SEE WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR FOOD!
▪ http:
▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bo2Ape8JHqA//www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr4onA2k_LY
▪ Quick Game
▪ http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/health/anatomy/digestion/digestion_game_1.htm
▪ Bill Nye the Science Guy!
▪ Interactive Vocabulary Game
▪ https://tylerisd.stemscopes.com/external_elements/503