Transcript Respiratory System ppt

Respiratory System
Chapter 14
Introduction
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHZsvBdUC2I
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqt4LjHnMEA
Functions of the Respiratory System
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Inspiration – inhaling or breathing in
Expiration – exhaling, or breathing out
There are 4 respiratory jobs:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Breathing: entrance and exit of air into and out of the lungs
External respiration: the exchange of gases between air and
blood
Internal respiration: the exchange of gases between blood
and tissue fluid
Transport of gases to and from the lungs and the tissues
These jobs are required for cellular respiration to
continue
Respiratory Tract
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The path of air from the nose to the lungs
The airway cleanses, warms, and moistens the air
before it gets to the lungs
Respiratory Tract – pg 277
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Upper Respiratory Tract
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Nasal cavities
Pharynx
Glottis
Larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract
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Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs
The Nose
Nasal conchae- warm and moisten air that is
breathed in
 Cilia on the cells that line the nasal cavity have
odor sensors
 The lacrimal glands drain into the nasal cavity
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This is why your nose gets runny when you cry!
The pharynx
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Connects the nasal and oral cavities
Contains the tonsils which are lymphatic tissue that
contain antigens which help fight off pathogens that
may enter.
Air passageway and food passageway cross paths
The larynx
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Triangular cartilaginous box
Passageway into the larynx is called the glottis
The glottis is surrounded by the vocal chords
During puberty the growth of the larynx explains the
males crackling voice and larger adam’s apple
When you swallow the larynx moves upward to close
the glottis
The epiglottis, which is a flap above the larynx also
comes down to close the passageway
Trachea (the “windpipe”)
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Surrounded by cartilage “C” shaped
rings so that it doesn’t collapse
Mucous and cilia keep this airway
clean of debris
Mucous is secreted by goblet cells.
Trachea (the “windpipe”)
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Tracheostomy – is an operation to
put in an artificial breathing tube
Smoking is known to destroy the
cilia and this is why soot builds up in
smoker’s lungs.
Bronchial Tree
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Trachea divides into the right and left bronchi
Those primary bronchi branch off into smaller
bronchioles
During an asthma attack the bronchioles contract
causing the characteristic wheezing
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi
Lungs
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Right lung has three lobes and the left has two lobes
Each lung is enclosed in a double membrane called
the pleura
Between the membranes is a fluid that prevents
friction
The lungs are composed of alveoli – small air sacs
The alveoli walls are thin and covered with
capillaries
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveoli
and capillary boundaries
Isssues with Breathing
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Emphysema is a degenerative disease that breaks
down the walls of alveoli reducing the amount of
surface area for gas exchange
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Often caused by smoking
Makes it difficult to breathe
Pneumonia is a viral or bacterial infection in which
the bronchi and alveoli fill with thick fluid
Homeostasis
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How does the respiratory system have to work with
other systems of the body?
Circulatory, nervous, skeletal, muscular, digestive, etc…