Transcript Body Systems - Judson Independent School District

BODY SYSTEMS
OBJECTIVES
Identify 11 Body Systems
 Name basic parts of body systems
 Name functions of body systems
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ORGANIZATION REVIEW
Cell – basic building block of life
 Tissue – Same cell types performing a function
 Organ – Different tissues together as a unit
performing related functions
 System – Group of organs that work together to
perform similar functions
 Organism – Individual life form
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CAN YOU NAME 11 BODY SYSTEMS?
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1. Integumentary.
2. Skeletal.
3. Muscular.
4. Nervous.
5. Endocrine.
6. Cardiovascular.
7. Lymphatic (& Immune System).
8. Respiratory.
9. Digestive
10. Urinary.
11. Reproductive.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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Skin is the major organ
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The largest organ of the body (approximately 22 square feet and 10-11 pounds
in adults)
Functions
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A mechanical, chemical, and biological barrier
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Thermoregulation
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Control of the internal temperature by increasing or decreasing heat loss from the body
Sensations
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Protects the internal environment from invasion
Protects against fluid and protein loss
Receptors for touch, temperature, and pain
Waste elimination
Production of vitamin D
Accessory organs
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Hair
Nails
Sweat glands
Oil glands
Breasts
SKELETAL SYSTEM
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Each bone is an organ.
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Over 200 bones
Approximately 22 pounds of weight in a 125 pound person
The joints and cartilage complete the system.
Functions
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Supports the body
Protects the organs
The sites for muscle attachment
The levers for movement
Blood cell formation
Mineral storage
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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Each muscle is an organ.
Over 700 muscles
 Make up 50-63 pounds of the weight in a 125-pound
adult’s weight
 Attach to bones
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Functions
Contract and relax to cause movement by
pulling on the bones
 Stabilize body position
 Generate heat
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NERVOUS SYSTEM
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Composed of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and special
sense organs; one of the most complex, yet smallest
systems of the body
Capable of producing electrical messages for
Brain
communication within the body
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These messages can be transmitted within milliseconds.
Functions
Spinal
 Monitors internal and external environments with receptors
Cord
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Interprets stimuli
Responds to stimuli by sending an electrical message to
Nerve
another nerve, muscle, or gland
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Thus, regulates bodily activities
Special senses are taste, smell, sight, hearing and
equilibrium
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Composed of glands that secrete hormones locally, or into
the blood supply
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Examples
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Pineal
Pituitary
Hypothalamus
Thyroid
Parathyroids
Thymus
Adrenals
Pancreas
Testes/Ovaries
Breasts
Hormone-producing tissue found in other organs
Hormones are chemical messengers that are released from
glands, and that affect a change in some target organ.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Composed of:
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Heart - Pump
Blood
Blood vessels:
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Arteries - Flow away from the heart
Veins - Flow toward the heart
Capillaries - connects arteries and veins ,
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Where transfer of nutrients and waste takes place
The heart is a 4-chambered pump.
The left side of the heart pumps blood through the arteries to the capillaries.
At the capillaries, the blood releases nutrients, oxygen, and other necessary
molecules into the body tissues.
Also at the capillaries, the blood receives waste products, carbon dioxide, and
other cellular products.
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart via the veins.
The right side of the heart pumps the blood to the lungs to release carbon
dioxide and receive oxygen
The blood returns to the left side of the heart to begin the process again
In the course of 1 minute, all the blood in the body circulates through the heart.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (CONT.)
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Functions of the cardiovascular system
 Supplies
cells with nutrients and oxygen
 Removes waste products from cells and delivers
them for removal from the body
 Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH)
 Helps regulate water volume
 Helps regulate temperature
 Helps defend against disease
 Mends damaged vessels
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
(& IMMUNE SYSTEM)
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Composed of
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Spleen
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Lymph
Lymph vessels
Blood
Functions
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Returns to the blood supply fluid and proteins that have
moved out of the blood vessels
Transports lipids from the small intestine to the bloodstream
Houses lymphocytes that defend the body against invasion
by microbes, foreign cells, toxins, and cancer cells
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Composed of
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Functions
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Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Diaphragm
Brings air from the atmosphere into the lungs
Warms and moistens air in the nasal cavity
Transfers oxygen from the inhaled air to the blood, and receives carbon
dioxide from the blood to be exhaled
Helps regulate the acid-base balance (pH)
Air flowing from the lungs through the vocal cords of the larynx produces
sound.
A healthy adult breathes in and out 12-15 times each minute,
exchanging a total of 6 liters of gas per minute.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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The digestive tract is composed of any structure through which ingested
material passes:
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Accessory organs are structures that assist in the digestive processes:
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Mouth,
Pharynx,
Esophagus,
Stomach,
Small and large intestines,
Anus
Teeth,
Tongue,
Salivary glands,
Gall bladder,
Liver,
Pancreas
Food that is eaten is not considered “in” the body until it is digested and
absorbed by the digestive tract.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (CONT.)
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Functions
 Breakdown
food to component parts
 Transport nutrients to blood stream
 Eliminate wastes
 Regulate acid-base balance (pH)
URINARY SYSTEM
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Composed of
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Functions
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2 kidneys
2 ureters
1 bladder
1 urethra
Filters blood
Eliminates wastes
Regulates fluid and chemical composition of the blood
Helps maintain the acid-base balance (pH)
Helps maintain mineral homeostasis
Produces urine
Helps regulate the production of red blood cells
Each day 180 liters of water are removed from the blood and 178179 liters are returned to the blood, producing 1-2 liters of urine
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
(FEMALE)
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Composed of:
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Breasts
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Functions
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Produces gametes (eggs),
Stores eggs,
Transports eggs,
Produces hormones,
Nourishes and supports a developing embryo and fetus
Delivers a baby
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
(MALE)
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Composed of
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Testes
Epididymis
Ductus deferens
Prostate
Urethra
Penis
Functions
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Produces gametes (sperm)
Stores sperm
Transports sperm
Delivers sperm
Produces hormones
CONCLUSION
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Overlap
 One
organ in multiple systems
 Many systems with similar functions
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All systems are inter-related – No system can
perform its functions independent of the others
 Needs
other systems to complete its function
 Its functions affect other systems
 Video Review