Transcript Body Plan - Net Start Class

PHYLUM
N E M A T O DA
ISABELLA DAO
THONG NGUYEN
PERIOD 6
GENERAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Nematodes are commonly called roundworms.
• Nematodes are called so because “nematos,” in
Greek, means thread.
• Not many species of nematodes are named, but
it is estimated that there are around half a
million species.
• They are unsegmented and can be microscopic
to a meter long.
• Most nematodes are free-living, dwelling in
between spaces of soils and sediments.
CLASSES OF
PHYLUM NEM ATODA
Class Adenophorea
Class Secernentea
•Unsegmented worms
•Pore-like or slit-like amphid apertures,
always labial
•Simple non-tubular excretory
system when present
•Excretory system tubular
•Male generally has two testes
•Male generally with a single testis
•Sensory papillae in cephalic
region and along the body
•Sensory papillae cephalic only, although
may be caudal papillae in males
•Generally there are five
esophageal glands
•Esophagus varies but has 3 esophageal
glands
•Marine, freshwater, terrestrial
•Almost exclusively terrestrial, rarely
freshwater or marine
CLASS SECERNENTEA
TRICHURIS–
Hook Worm
ASCARIS–
Common Round
Worm
http://www.e-cleansing.com/common-roundworm-ascaris-lumbricoides-2/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/461262/6935/Pinworm
http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/upload/Analyser-tv%C3%A5/
CLASS ADENOPHOREA
ENTEROBIUS
– Pin Worm
• Bilaterally symmetrical- it takes 1 plane to divide
the organism into mirror image halves.
• Vermiform- resembling a worm; worm-shaped;
long, slender, and cylindrical.
http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/PHIL_1448_lores1.250a.jpg
http://www.fauna.is/photos/II020hringormur.jpg
These nematodes are mirror image
halves on both sides.
F E E D I NG
• Nematodes feed on about
everything.
• Habitat and way of life determines
feeding method utilized. Therefore,
Nematodes have a wide range of
feeding habits: carnivorous,
herbivorous, and parasitic.
• Have complete digestive system with
mouth and anus
• Nematodes do not have stomachs,
only intestines.
http://www.berkley.k12.mi.us/file_repository/id152709nemata.ppt#
263,8,How do nematodes circulate nutrients and osmoregulate?
F E E D I N G C O N T.
http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/nematodes.html
• The mouth of a nematode opens to a muscular pharynx. This pharynx
pumps food from the mouth to the intestine
•Digestive enzymes are produced by a single layer of
epithelial cells lining the intestines.
•Digestion first occurs first in the intestinal lumen (space inside the
intestines). Digestion is completed intracellularly.
•Nutrients and wastes are distributed in the body cavity.
F E E D I N G C O N T.
• Picture of a male nematode (Use this diagram for
reference when looking at parts of nematodes).
http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/bio201/NEMATODA%20B.GIF
F E E D I N G C O N T.
• Nematodes can
parasitize plants,
animals, and humans.
They are virtually
parasitic to every type
of animal and plants.
Round worms (Ascaris Lumbricoides)
in the human intestine. 
http://www.bioraynaturaldetox.com/uploads/images/roundworm.jpg
• Nematodes do not have respiratory systems.
• They obtain oxygen by diffusion from the surrounding
environment through the cuticle.
 (right) Sediments with
crevices in which Anatartic
nematodes live.
http://static.radionz.net.nz/assets/image/0007/1660084/varieti
es/443_full_width.jpg
RESPIRATION
• Nematodes do not have circulatory systems.
• Circulation occurs through the movement of
fluids back and forth in the pseudocoelom.
EXCRETION
• Excretion of metabolic waste (ammonia/urea)
via diffusion across body walls
• No formal internal transport system
• Excretory canals located on both sides of the
intestine facilitate waste disposal by carriage of
material to an excretory pore in the body wall.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/AnimalsI.htm
•Simple nervous system consisting
of several ganglia
•They have a ring of amphids and
phasmids (somewhat complex sense
organs) that surround anterior and
posterior end, respectively
•Four primary nerves
run the length of the
body on the dorsal,
ventral, and lateral
surfaces
•Body of nematodes are
covered in sensory
bristles and papillae that
provide sense of touch
RESPONSE
MOVEMENT
•No circular muscle in body walls
•Longitudinal muscle flexion combined
with high internal fluid pressure produces
whip-like wriggle
•Each muscle cell has a contractile fibrillar
portion and a noncontractile sarcoplasmic
portion
•Pseudoceolom and outer cuticle provide
“hydroskeleton” for movement
http://www.berkley.k12.mi.us/file_repository/id152709nemata.p
pt#260,5,How do nematodes support themselves and move?
•Sexual reproduction
with sexes separate
(dioecious)
•Internal fertilization
•Zygotes covered in
shells and directly
deposited
•Males usually
smaller than females
•Both sexes possess
one or two tubular
gonads (organs that
produce gametes, i.e.
testes and ovaries)
http://www.protocol-online.org/biology-forums/posts/25467.html
REPRODUCTION
WORK CITED
Ascaris. Digital image. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://www.e-cleansing.com/common-roundworm-ascaris-lumbricoides-2/>.
"Ascaris Lumbricoides: EMedicine Emergency Medicine." EMedicine - Medical Reference. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/788398-overview>.
"Bilaterally Symmetrical Definition." Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology - Weinberg College of Arts and
Sciences - Northwestern University. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.biochem.northwestern.edu/holmgren/Glossary/Definitio ns/DefB/bilaterally_symmetrical.html>.
Circular Nematode. Digital image. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://www.fauna.is/picture2e.asp?ID=1387>.
Dictionary.com. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/vermiform>.
Enterobius. Digital image. Web. 17 Apr. 2010. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/461262/6935/Pinworm>.
"Flukes." Biology Program at ISU. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/211L/Nemato/Ascarindx.ht m>.
"Introduction to the Nematoda." UCMP - University of California Museum of Paleontology. Web. 17 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/ecdysozoa/nematoda.html>.
Nematode diagram. Digital image. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/classes/bio201/Nematodes.html>.
Nematode Excretion. Digital image. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/biologicaldiverstity/AnimalsI/AnimalsI.htm>.
Nematode feeding. Digital image. Web. 18 Apr. 2010.
<http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/nematodes.html>.
Nematode movement. Digital image. Web. 17 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.berkley.k12.mi.us/file_repository/id152709nemata.ppt# 260,5,Howdo nematodes support
themselves and move?>.
Nematode Reproduction. Digital image. Web. 17 Apr. 2010. <http://www.protocol-online.org/biologyforums/posts/25467.html>.
Nematode worm. Digital image. Web. 16 Apr. 2010. <http://tolweb.org/Nematoda/2472>.
"The Nematodes (Phylum Nematoda)." The Earth Life Web. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.earthlife.net/inverts/nematoda.html>.
Photographs. Deviant Art. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. <http://www.deviantart.com>.
Photographs. Flickr. Flickr. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. <http://www.flickr.com>.
"Radio New Zealand National : Programmes A-Z : Our Changing World : 20080717." Radio New Zealand. Web. 16 Apr. 2010.
<http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ourchangingworld/20080717>.
Round Worm - Ascaris. Digital image. Web. 17 Apr. 2010. <http://www.bioraynaturaldetox.com/where-do-i-start/parasitecleanse.aspx>.
Trichuris. Digital image. Web. 17 Apr. 2010. <http://www.smittskyddsinstitutet.se/upload/Analyser-tv%C3%A5/>.