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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Definition and Function Respiration is the process of breathing in and out When we breathe in we are inhaling oxygen (O2) When we breathe out we are exhaling carbon dioxide (CO2) The function of the Respiratory System is to supply blood with oxygen (O2) and rid the blood of carbon dioxide (CO2) NASOPHARYNX OROPHARYNX NOSE LARYNX TRACHEA BRONCHUS LEFT LUNG BRONCHIOLE DIAPHRAGM RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Upper respiratory tract are: Nose Pharynx i.e. Throat nasopharyx, oropharynx,laryngopharynx Trachea Bronchi and bronchioles Lower Respiratory Tract Lungs Alveoli Pleura diaphragm NOSE Organ Root Nose Nose pg19 Example rhin Combining Form rhin/o nas nas/o nasal rhinoplasty Pharynx Three divisions of the pharynx: 1 nasopharynx 2 oropharynx 3 laryngopharynx- divides into two (2) branches - one for food and one for air Pharnyx Organ Root Combining Example form Pharynx pharyng pharyng/o pg20 pharyngeal pharyngitis Larynx Referred to as the voicebox Contains vocal chords Contains the epiglottis – prevents food entering lungs Larynx Organ Root Combining form Example Larynx Laryng laryng/o laryngeal laryngectomy pg 20,21 Trachea Is the windpipe Carries air into lungs Bronchi Tracheostomy – opening of trachea to the body surface Pg 21 Branch off from trachea into left and right lungs Theses branches further divide into bronchioles Each bronchiole ends with the alveoli Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli Bronchial – relating to the bronchi pg22 Medical Terms Part Root Word Combining Form Function/ Description Lungs pneum pneum/o and pneumon/o The lungs are the main organs of respiration. They are made of elastic tissue for inflation and deflation pleur pleur/o double layered membrane covering lungs provides protection pg 23 Pleura Pleural Diaphragm phren phren/o – relating to the pleura pg 23 The diaphragm is the main muscle of breathing – relating to the diaphragm phrenologist - ……… pg 24 phrenic More Medical Terms Part Combining Form Function/ Description Ribs cost/o The ribs consist of twelve (12) pairs of ribs, The first seven (7) join the sternum anteriorly . Ribs protect organs of the thoracic cavity intercostal Thorax thorac/o chest cavity containing organs such as heart, lungs and oesophagus Suffixes Suffix Meaning Example -plasty sugical repair or reconstruction Laryngoplasty -scope an instrument to view internally Laryngoscope spasm sudden involuntary movement of a muscle Laryngospasm -al relating or pertaining to Nasal Pharyngeal -tomy surgical incision Tracheotomy -ectomy surgical removal of Laryngectomy -itis inflammation of pharyngitis -centesis a surgical puncture to remove fluid thoracentesis / pleurocentesis Recall: When to remove combining vowels If root word ends in a vowel & suffix begins with a vowel, combining vowel is dropped Respiratory diseases & disorders Commonly feature inflammation This can occur in the mucous membranes of the trachea and bronchi Abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning CAL Chronic Airway Limitation CPAP continous positive airway pressure ENT ear, nose, throat LRT lower respiratory tract URTI upper respiratory tract infection SOB shortness of breath CXR Chest x-ray