Transcript Subphylum Crustacea Gills

DIVERSITY
Numbers
• about 80% of all animals are arthropods
• estimated to be over 30 million arthropods
• far more of them than all other metazoan species
combined
• in virtually every conceivable environment:
marine, terrestrial, freshwater, and aerial
habitats.
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Trilobita (extinct)
Subphylum Chelicerata
Subphylum Crustacea
Subphylum Uniramia (insects)
Subphylum Crustacea
• a heterogeneous taxon with many
subtaxa
• two pairs antennae
• marine, freshwater, and terrestrial
• Primarily aquatic
• Free-floating larval stage
• 26,000+ known species
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
It is numerically the largest phyla
and literally means jointed foot.
Class: Crustacea - crab, shrimp,
barnacle, and lobster (Florida
specie has no claws)
1. Jointed appendages have a variety of specialized functions.
2. The body is covered by an exoskeleton made of chitin.
Advantage: good protection, muscles attach to it for strength
Disadvantage: heavy and does not grow - animal must molt
(shed) exoskeleton and becomes very vulnerable to predators
3. The body has 2 segments - a cephalothorax covered
by the carapace and the abdomen.
4. Meroplanktonic larvae don’t compete with adults for
food; Metamorphosis provides a gradual change to
adult life as Epifauna.
5. An open circulatory system contains a blue
pigment called hemocyanin to transport oxygen
from the gills to the body.
Phylum Arthropoda
• Exoskeleton of chitin
• Exoskeleton hardened by calcium
carbonate
• All Crustaceans Molt – shed their
exoskeleton
• Jointed appendages –BODY ADVANCE
• Subphylum Crustacea
• Head and thorax fused into cephalothorax
• 2 pairs of antennae
• A pair of appendages at each body
segment
Appendages at each body segment
The Strongest Punch
Subphylum Crustacea
ANOSTRACA
•
fairy shrimp and brine shrimp
PHYLLOPODA
•
tadpole shrimps, ostracod, water fleas
MALACOSTRACA
•
the largest, most heterogeneous, and diverse crustacean
taxon
•
shrimps, crabs, lobsters, mantis shrimps, pillbugs,
crayfishes
COPEPODA
•
copepods
•
enormous ecological importance as planktonic
herbivores
CIRRIPEDIA
•
barnacles
Respiration
Gills
b. Crustacean Gills
• crustacean gills are usually associated with
appendages
• blood circulates through the gill and is oxygenated
Reproduction
Reproduction is sexual
Fertilization is external
Crab Zoea – Crab Larve
Open Circulatory System
Closed Circulatory System
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Side view of body showing relative position of
circulatory (yellow), digestive (green), and
nervous (blue) systems.
DORSAL BRAIN VENTRAL NERVE CORD
Unlike the red pigment hemoglobin, their blood
carries copper instead of iron.
It makes an excellent
medium for long-term
laboratory test because
it will not support
bacterial growth.
6. They have a ventral nerve cord with a well-developed brain
and compound eyes. Neurosecretory cells control molting,
color changes, food storage and hormones.
On the Menu
• Some Barnacles are eaten as a delicacy
• Below Left are Percebes – (Gooseneck
Barnacles) a popular food in Spain
SOFT SHELL CRAB (Pictured at right) Caught
just after the crab has molted (Shed its hard
shell and before its new shell has calcified)
Copepod – small but very significant
A Vital Crustacean – They are the
link between primary producers
(Phytoplankton) and higher level
consumers including the baleen
whales
Their nutrient rich fecal matter also
allows for nutrients to be recycled
quicker into the ecosystem
Barnacle
An unusual member of this
phylum.
Barnacles start as free
swimming larve
They become sessile
suspension feeders
as they attach to almost
any hard surface such as
rocks boats or whales
Athropoda
Ostracod
Remember these
Bioluminescent creatures?
Amphipod
Cladoceran
Euphausiid
Mysids
Mantis Shrimp
Mantis Shrimp (Stomatopod)
Claws which could shatter an aquariums
glass….used to punch holes into bivlave
shells
Strongest Punch in the World
Peacock Mantis Shrimp kills Blue-ringed Octopus
Crabs
Shrimp
Lobsters
Hermit Crabs
Coconut Crab (hermit crab that
doesn’t use shell)
Class Merostomata = Horseshoe Crabs
The horseshoe crab
has been around for
over 500 million
years and has
changed very little in
that time.
Horseshoe-Crabs.com
Class Pycnogonida =
Sea Spiders
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Acorn barnacles
(Class Cirripedia) on
an intertidal rock jetty
in Ft. Pierce, Florida
• When the barnacles
are covered with sea
water, the thoracic
legs are extended to
feed on plankton
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Zonation of acorn
barnacles (lighter
color) and mussels
(darker color) in a
tidepool in Maine
• This illustrates the
intense competition
for space among
these organisms
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Red banded coral
shrimp (Stenopus
hispidus) from
Bonaire in the
Caribbean
• Two pairs of long
white antennae often
mark the hiding place
of this cleaning
shrimp
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Yucatan spotted
cleaning shrimp
(Periclimenes
yucatanicus) perched
on tentacles of giant
anemone
(Condylactis
gigantea) in Bonaire
• Cleans parasites from
fish skin and gills
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Pederson’s cleaning
shrimp (Periclimenes
pedersoni) on star
coral (Montastrea
annularis) in Bonaire
• Long white antennae
and swaying body
attract fish to be
cleaned
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Ventral view of an
arrow crab
(Stenorhynchus
seticornis) from
Bonaire in the
Caribbean
• Note eyes on longpointed rostrum
(“narrow”= steno;
“nose”= rhynchus)
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Dorsal view of an
arrow crab
(Stenorhynchus
seticornis) from
Bonaire in the
Caribbean
• Note long, thin spiderlike legs
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Gaudy clown crab
(Platypodiella
spectabilis), a small
crab living in coral
rubble in Bermuda
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Channel clinging crab
or spider crab
(Mithrax
spinosissimus) in
Belize
• Found under
overhanging ledges
during the day,
forages in the open at
night
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Land crab
(Gecarcinus lateralis)
on a beach in Ft.
Pierce, Florida
• Burrows are inland,
above the high tide
line, but the females
come to the water to
release their larvae
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Batwing coral crab
(Carpilius corallinus)
foraging in the open
at night in Bonaire
• These crabs have
been overharvested
in many areas of the
Caribbean
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Zoea larva of a crab,
found in the plankton
in Bermuda
• Note the rostrum and
the large eyes
• The zoea larva
develops into a
megalops larva
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Stareye hermit crab
(Dardanus venosus)
with anemones on
both ends of the shell
it carries as a retreat,
in Roatan, Honduras
• Active at night in the
Caribbean
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Giant hermit crab
(Petrochirus
diogenes) crawling
across a sand flat in
Belize
• This is the largest of
the Caribbean hermit
crabs, with large scaly
claws and red and
white banded
antennae
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
ARTHROPODA
Subphylum Crustacea
• Two Caribbean spiny
lobsters (Panulirus
argus) in a coral
crevice, where they
retreat during the day
• At night, they forage
on the bottom in open
areas
Photo Copyright © Diane R. Nelson
Crustaceans have an exoskeleton
made of
1. Bone
2. Chitin
3. Calcium
Carbonate
4. Cellulose
75%
25%
al
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The cephalothorax is a fused
1. Head and Neck
2. Abdomen and
Thorax
3. Head and Thorax
4. Thorax and Neck
69%
25%
6%
ec
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The two body segments of a
Crustaceans are the
1. Cephalothorax
and Head
2. Cephalothorax
and Neck
3. Cephalothroax
and Abdomen
4. Head and
Abdomen
80%
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7%
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13%
Crustaceans have ____ pair(s)
antennae
1
2
4
8
88%
6%
6%
8
4
2
0%
1
1.
2.
3.
4.