Transcript HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY

HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
…..a brief review of the normal
physiological functioning of selected
human body systems.
Respiratory System
Consists of…
 Nose
 Mouth
 Upper Throat
 Larynx
 Traches
 Bronchi
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Lungs

Diaphragm
Muscles of chest

Nose vs. Mouth
Nose…
 Air is warmed and moistened
 Mucus membranes
 Cilia
Mouth…
Throat
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Nasal cavity
(throat)
Nasopharynx
pharynx
– Upper ext. of throat
– Defender against infectious
organisms
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
Esophagus (food/liquids to
stomach) & trachea
(air/gases to lungs)
Epiglottis –guards opening
of trachea
Larynx
Serves as passageway for air between
pharynx and trachea
 Exhalation via larynx controlled voluntarily

voice organ
Lined with ciliated mucus membranes
 Vocal cords in front of larynx
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Trachea (Windpipe)
4.5” long / 1” in diameter
 Extends from bottom of larynx through
neck, and into chest cavity
 Lined with mucus membrane and cilia
 Divides into left and right bronchi
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Bronchi

Branches to left and right
lungs
Lung Anatomy
Composed of:
 Pleura
 Alveoli
Types of Lung Deposition
IMPACTION –occurs at branching
 SETTLING – increases with penetration
into the respiratory system
 DIFFUSION - significant only for small
particles in the alveoli
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Particle Deposition
 Particles
> 8-10 um removed in nasal area
 Particles 2.5-3 um generally deposited in
upper respiratory system
 Particles approximately 2 um generally
deposited in upper respiratory system and
alveolar or pulmonary airspaces
 Particles 1 um deposited in alveolar spaces
Fate of Deposited Particle
Lung
Pulmonary artery
Heart
Left atrium
Alveolar capillaries
Right atrium
Pulmonary veins
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
PULMONARY SYSTEM
Determined by…
 Size
 Solubility
 Chemical reactivity
Dust-laden air can do damage if...
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
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concentration exceeds
body’s ability to
eliminate it
is chemically or physiologically damaging
initiates allergic action
is inhaled by an
impaired respiratory
system
Natural Defenses
Warming/cooling, humidifying
 Mucus lining
 Cilia
 Branching respiratory tree
 Muscular contraction
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