Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
Functions of the
Respiratory System
• Breathing
– The movement of the chest that brings air into
the lungs and removes waste gas
• Respiration
– The exchange of oxygen (02) and carbon
dioxide (CO2) that takes place in the
tissues of the body
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
glucose + oxygen → carbon
dioxide
+
water + energy
Oxygen is needed to release energy from glucose
to be used by the body!
Respiratory System Organs
• Air enters the body through the nostrils and the
mouth.
– Hairs in the nostrils trap dust from the air.
• Air then goes into the nasal cavity (and oral
cavity) where it is moistened and warmed.
– Sticky mucus is produced in the nasal cavity that
traps pollen, dust and other irritants
• Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that sweep
mucus and trapped materials to the back of the
throat to be swallowed.
• Materials trapped in the mouth are also
swallowed and sent to the digestive system
Boogers!!!!!
More Respiratory Organs
• Air then travels to the Pharynx, which is a tubelike passageway used by food, liquids and air.
• The epiglottis is a flap at the lower end of the
pharynx that prevents food and liquids from
entering the airway.
• Air next moves through the larynx, which is the
airway that leads to the vocal cords, and is also
often called the voice-box
• Air then moves through the trachea, which is a
tube lined with mucus membranes that trap dust,
bacteria and pollen.
And Into the Lungs!
• From lower end of the
trachea, air moves
through the bronchi which
are two short tubes
branching out into the
lungs.
• Inside the lungs, the
bronchi branch into
smaller and smaller tubes
called bronchioles.
• Bronchi and bronchioles
are known collectively as
bronchial tubes!
Inside the lungs!
• Attached to the
bronchioles are
alveoli, which are tiny,
thin-walled sacs that
are surrounded by
capillaries.
• The lungs are masses
of alveoli arranged in
grapelike clusters
Exchange of gases
• The walls of the capillaries
and alveoli are only one cell
thick
• Oxygen moves through the
alveoli walls, then through the
capillary walls and into the
blood
• Then the oxygen is picked up
by hemoglobin in the RBC
and carried to the body.
• Carbon Dioxide and other
waste gases first move
through the capillary walls
and then through the alveoli
walls and are exhaled out of
the body.
Breathing
• Inhaling and exhaling
• Partly due to changes
in air pressure.
• Diaphragm – a
muscle beneath you
lungs that contracts
and relaxes to help
move gases into and
out of the lungs.
Pathway of Oxygen and CO2
through the Body
→ Nostrils and mouth → nasal and oral
cavities → pharynx → larynx → trachea →
bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli →
capillaries → pulmonary vein → heart →
arteries → capillaries → body tissues
(cellular respiration) → capillaries → veins
→ heart → pulmonary artery → capillaries
→ alveoli → bronchioles → bronchi →
trachea → larynx → pharynx → nasal and
oral cavities → nostrils and mouth →