Transcript Laboratory Techniques

Laboratory Techniques
Agriculture, Food, and Natural
Resource Standards Addressed
• AS.07.01. Design programs to prevent
animal diseases, parasites and other
disorders and ensure animal welfare.
– AS.07.01.01.a. Identify and summarize specific
tools and technology used in animal health
management.
– AS.07.01.02.a. Explain methods of determining
animal health and disorders.
Laboratory Techniques
used to diagnose and
treat many animal
health problems
Laboratory Techniques
performed in veterinary
hospitals, zoos,
research facilities, and
commercial labs
Laboratory Techniques
In most cases, it is the vet
tech that is responsible for
collecting samples and
performing the tests.
Laboratory Techniques
The vet tech must:
have a good
understanding of proper
collection techniques and
specimen handling
Laboratory Techniques
The vet tech must:
have a good
understanding of use
complex equipment
Laboratory Techniques
The vet tech must:
be able to accurately perform
the tests since the
veterinarian will base
treatment on the results
Laboratory Techniques
-
hematology
urinalysis
susceptibility testing
the circulatory and
excretory systems
The Urinary System
consists of:
- the kidneys
- the ureters
- the urinary bladder
- the urethra
The Urinary System
function:
- to extract and remove
waste from the blood
Urinary System
Urethra
Ureter
Kidney
Bladder
Urinary System
Urethra
Ureter
Kidney
Bladder
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
- paired organs located on both
sides of the spinal column and
are bean-shaped in most
species of animal
(cattle have several lobes)
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
- responsible for extracting
and collecting waste
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
consist of:
- cortex
- medulla
- renal pelvis
The
Kidney
Renal
artery
Cortex
Medulla
Renal
pelvis
Ureter
Renal
capsule
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
nephrons are directly
responsible for the filtering
and collection of wastes from
the blood
(found throughout the cortex and
medulla)
The Glomerulus
Nephron
Arterioles
Bowman’s
capsule
Proximal
convoluted
tubule
Distal
convoluted
tubule
Loop of
Henle
Collecting
duct
The Urinary System
The Kidneys
Collecting ducts run
through the medulla and
drain into the renal pelvis.
The Urinary System
Urine then passes into the
ureters and proceeds to
the bladder.
The Urinary System
- The ureters are smooth
muscled tubes that extend
from each kidney.
- They use peristalsis to
move urine to the bladder.
The Urinary System
Urine is pushed into the
bladder every 10 to 30
seconds depending on the
species.
It flows in spurts rather than
continuously.
The Urinary System
The Bladder
- consists of smooth
muscle
- extremely elastic sac
that is capable of
holding large volumes of
The Urinary System
The Bladder
- has three openings:
- twothat receive urine
from the ureters
- one used to excrete
urine
to the urethra
The Urinary System
The Urethra
- carries urine from the
bladder to the exterior
The Urinary System
The Urethra
- varies in length and
circumference in males
and females
The Urinary System
The Urethra
- The female urethra is
shorter in length and runs
directly from the bladder to
the exterior.
The Urinary System
The Urethra
- Males have a narrower
urethra that is longer to
extend through the
accessory sex glands and
exit through the penis.
The Urinary System
The Urethra
- Males have a narrower
urethra that is longer to
extend through the
accessory sex glands and
exit through the penis.
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
1.Filtration
2.Reabsorption
3.Secretion
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
occur in the nephrons
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
1. Filtration
• blood enters the glomerulus
through the afferent
arteriole
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
1. Filtration
• under various pressures,
water, salt, and small
molecules move
out of the
glomerulus and into
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
2. Reabsorption
• occurs in the proximal
convoluted tubule and the loop
of Henle
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
2. Reabsorption
• substances needed by the
body
such as water and
electrolytes will be reabsorbed
by the body from the loop of
The Urinary System
3 Phases of Urine
Production:
3. Secretion
• substances are secreted into
the collecting tubules and
transported to the renal pelvis