Transcript Respiratory System

Respiratory
System
Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 13
Upper Respiratory Tract
• Air enters nose then nasal cavities
• Nasal cavity has ridges – conchae
• Ridges have mucous - cleanse dust particles and
cause turbulence in air flow
• Hairs prevent large particles from entering nose
• Air in lungs saturated with water vapor and
warmed to body temp.
Pharynx
• air passes into
pharynx from nasal
cavity
• passageway for both
food and air
• Tonsils located here
• Lower portion called
glottis – opening to
larynx
• Epiglottis – flap of
tissue that covers
glottis during
swallowing
Larynx
• voice box or Adam’s
apple
• Vocal cords are
attached (2) – elastic
ligaments
• Greater air pressure =
louder sound
• Glottis changes shape
– different qualities of
voice
Lower Respiratory Tract Trachea
• Slightly flat tube
• Heimlich maneuver –
forcibly raises
diaphragm to
dislodge food
• Esophagus – lies just
behind trachea
• Esophagus will enlarge
against trachea –
discomfort swallowing
Your trachea is held open
large food
by “incomplete rings of
cartilage.”
External structure - lungs
• Cone shape
• Pleural portion of
thoracic cavity
• Apex – upper border
– above clavicle
• Enclosed by thoracic
cavity
• External area
indented to allow
space for heart
Bronchi
• Trachea divides into 2
tubes - primary
bronchi, mucous lined
• Bronchi divide into
secondary bronchi
• These divide into
bronchioles then alveoli
• Estimated ~ 300 million in
both lungs
Internal Structure - lungs
• Bronchioles and alveoli
- structures within
lungs
• Divided into superior
and inferior lobe
• Pleural cavity – space
with fluid prevents
friction
• Right (3 lobes)slightly
larger than left(2
lobes)
Capillary
Here is a
close
up picture
of
your
Alveoli
and a
Capillary
surrounding
it.
CO2 is
dropped
off
O2 picked
up
RBC
Lung Volumes
• Lungs can hold up to 5.7 liters – males
4.2 liters – females
• Vital capacity – air volume that moves
out of lungs in one breath after
maximum inhalation
• Tidal volume – volume of air flowing
into or out of lungs in respiratory
cycle. - .5 liters
Fun Facts
* At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10
liters of air each minute.
* The right lung is slightly larger than the left.
* The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per
hour.
* The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size
as a tennis court.
* The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600
kilometers if placed end to end.
* We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing.
This is the water vapor we see when we breathe
onto glass.
* A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15
times a minute.
* The breathing rate is faster in children and women
than in men.