Transcript File - Etna FFA Agriculture

Body Structure of Animals
Skeletal System
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Gives shape & protects.
Gives Framework.
Bones
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Hard part of the skeleton.
Made of calcium & phosphorus.
Spongy Bone: most interior, contains
the red bone marrow,
which produces blood
cells.
Made up of 25% Water.
Bones Cont.
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Parts of the skeleton form during first
weeks of conception
Bone development continues through
adulthood.
Bone development repairs fractures &
remodels.
Cartilage
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Found near bones.
Flexible material that lubricates the
joints & cushions shock.
Ulna
Integumentary System
Covers & Protects Body (Skin)
 Draw & Label
on back of
Handout #17
STOP HERE

Muscular System
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Largest System making up 45% of the
body.
Tendons: connective tissue of muscle
to bone.
Muscular System
Two major types of muscle:
 Voluntary- controlled by thinking (eye)
 Involuntary- automatic response
(Heart & Pupil)
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Muscular System
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Muscle is the meat you eat.
The location of the muscle will relate to
it’s tenderness.
Muscles respond to commands of the
nervous system.
Circulatory System

The system responsible for moving
digested food, oxygen, wastes, and
other materials around the body.
Blood- In CTE ppt.
The liquid substance of the circulatory
system; made of:
 Plasma
 Red blood cells
 White blood cells
 Platelets
Plasma
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The “liquid” of blood material.
Made up of 90% water
Contains dissolved substances
including: glucose, vitamins, minerals,
and amino acids.
Red Blood Cells
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Made in red marrow of bones
Contains a protein called hemoglobin
which carries oxygen in the blood.
Numerous red blood cells contained in
the body, these cells cannot repair
themselves and die after a period of
time.
White Blood Cells
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Help fight disease.
Animals which are diseased will increase
white blood cell numbers.
Pus which forms around wounds is
white blood cells.
Sometimes called soldiers for their roll
in fighting disease.
Platelets
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Not complete cells but are essential for
blood to clot
Important to stop the blood loss
created by wounds.
System Parts
Four major parts of the circulatory
system:
 Heart
 Arteries
 Capillaries
 Veins
Heart
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The “pump” that sends blood
throughout the system.
Involuntary muscular organ.
Contracts continuously throughout the
lifetime of the animal.
Arteries

The vessels that carry blood from the
heart.
Capillaries
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Branches of arteries the carry blood to
the cells.
Capillary walls are only on cell thick this
allows for easy exchange between the
cells and the blood.
Blood flows through the capillaries to
the veins.
Veins
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Veins carry blood back to the heart.
Blood in the veins has given its oxygen
to the cells and picked up waste
materials.
Heart Parts
Deer Heart
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See video on teacher tube
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo
.php?video_id=20389
Respiratory System
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Take notes of all terms on back of Cows
Respiratory System Handout
This system moves gases to and from
the circulatory system.
Its purpose is to provide the blood with
oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide
from the blood.
Types of Respiration

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Internal- exchange of gases between
the cells and the blood within the body.
(cells breaking down glucose for
energy)
External- exchange of gases in the
lungs between the blood and the
atmosphere. (breathing)
Breathing Processes

Inspiration- taking air into the lungs.

Expiration- moving air out of the lungs.
Parts of the Respiration
System
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7. Nasal Chamber
6. Nostrils
5. Pharynx
4. Larynx
3. Trachea
2. Bronchial Tube
1. Lungs
Label the Cows Respiratory System
Handout
Nostrils
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Write down info on each part you
labeled on the Cows Respiratory System
Handout by using the following slides.
Openings near the mouth through
which gases enter and leave the body.
Air is filtered and moistened by the
hairs and mucous membranes.
Pharynx
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Connects the nose area with the mouth
area.
Located in the back of the mouth.
Larynx
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Often called the voice box.
Two ligaments, known as vocal cords
are located here.
When air is passed over ligaments,
sound is created in the larynx.
Trachea
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Also known as the wind pipe.
Connects the pharynx with the lungs.
The trachea branches into bronchi,
which further divide into smaller tubes
inside the lungs.
Lungs
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Gases exchanged here between the
atmosphere and the blood.
Located inside the chest cavity and
supported by the rib cage and
diaphragm.
Excretory System

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Use Excretory System Handout and take
notes the same way as before.
Rids the body of wastes from cell
activity.
Wastes are known as metabolic wastes.
This processes is known as excretion.
Parts Include:
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Skin
Kidneys
Bladder
Urethra
Skin
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Helps rid the body of wastes through a
process known as perspiration
Helps regulate the body temperature.
Temperatures are cooled by the
evaporation of water.
Not all animals perspire.
Kidneys
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Filters the blood
Remove wastes created by cells in the
body as well as excess water and
minerals
Liquid produced here is called urine.
Bladder
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Urine made by the kidneys is stored in
the bladder.
A muscular sac that is connected to the
urethra.
Urethra
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The tube that carries urine out of the
body.
Digestive System
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Prepares food for use by the body.
Kinds:
Write down bolded items:
Ruminants-animals that chew cud;
more than one compartment in the
stomach
Non-ruminants-known as
monogastrics, do not chew cud,
stomachs have one compartment.
Parts of the Digestive System
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Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
See 10 use Digestive System Slide
Show
Reproductive System

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Use Reproductive System Handouts and
take notes the same way as before
(Label parts & functions on pic in
packet).
Provides for the production of new
organisms to perpetuate a species; the
only organ system that varies among
male and female animals of the same
species.
Puberty

Age at which an animal is capable of
reproduction.
Male Reproductive System
Pg. 40 in packet
 Designed to produce, store, and
release sperm. Label the major parts
:below on the Bull Repro System Handout:
•
•
•
•
•
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cowpers Gland
Prostate Gland
Ureters
Bladder
Penis
•
•
•
•
•
6. Vas Deferens
7. Testicles
8. Scrotum
9. Epididymis
10. Scrotum
Testicles & Scrotom
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Testicles - produce spermatozoa &
male hormone Testosterone
Scrotom - sack which carries testicles
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functions as a heat regulator
Epididymis & Vas Deferens
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Epididymis - tube connects to testes
storage of spermatozoa (200
billion at a time)
spermatozoa mature as they
migrate through
Vas Deferens - tube connects to
epididymus
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if removed, can't reproduce = vasectomy
Female Reproductive System
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Designed to produce ova
Makes fertilization possible
Provides a good environment for
development of the fetus in mammals
Parts of the Female
Reproductive System (Pg. 39)
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6.
5.
4.
3.
2.
1.
Uterus
Ovaries
Oviducts
Vulva
Vagina (birth canal)
Cervix
Vulva & Vagina
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Vulva - exterior portion of reproductive
tract
provides visual signs of heat
Vagina - between vulva & cervix
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Cows & Ewes: semen is deposited here
Mares & Sows: semen is deposited in the
cervix
Cervix
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- "Mouth of the womb"
opening into uterus
at birth cervix stretches to allowbaby to
pass (most painful part)
during pregnancy cervix becomes
blocked with a mucous plug to prevent
infection
Uterine Horns & Fallopian Tube
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Uterine Horns - two branches of
uterus
Fallopian Tube - uterine horn
becomes a small tube
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lined with cilia which aid in egg
migration
Ovaries
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located at end of fallopian tubes
possesses large number of eggs in all
stages of development
this is all the eggs she will ever have,
unlike the male
very few eggs reach maturity
if not fertilized, the egg is reabsorbed
by the body
What does "in heat" mean?
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Heat is the time when a female is
receptive to the male and will allow
breeding to take place
Females also show external
signs of "Heat"
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aggressive behavior
swelling and/or color change of vulva
Estrus Cycle
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Preparation of female reproduction
system for reproduction; during “heat”
part of cycle, females are receptive of
breeding.
Fertilization
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The union of sperm and egg.
Pregnant
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Female with developing animal in
reproductive tract.
Embryo
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Developing animal during first half of
pregnancy.
Fetus

Developing animal during second half of
pregnancy.
Gestation

Period between fertilization and full
development of the fetus.
Parturition
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Process of giving birth.
Mammary System
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Develops in females to provide milk for
babies
Location- producing Milk.
YouTube Videos


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AI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBy
TvmtrSd0&list=PLNf9TlM2BdM47uWFO
AEXOHhZbYGk1tSM5&index=7
Stallion Collection
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRy
WFEKRMoE&list=PLNf9TlM2BdM47uWF
OAEXOHhZbYGk1tSM5&index=6