Transcript Human Biology

Human Biology
I. Body Tissues
A.
Epithelial Tissue
1. Covers all surfaces
(protects).
2. Line most internal
organs (absorbs,
excretes).
3. Major tissue of glands
(secrete a product).
4. One side exposed to
the outside or an open
space.
5. Tightly packed (lack
blood vessels).
6. Reproduce quickly
Cuboidal
Stratified squamous
Simple columnar
Skin cell slide
I. Body Tissues
B.
Connective Tissue
1. Cells more widely
spaced than epithelial
2. Cells secrete an
extracellular matrix
3. Matrix consists of
fibers and ground
substance (fluid to
solid).
4. Functions are specific
to the tissue they
make.
adipose
Blood
Cartilage
Bone
I. Body Tissues
C.
Muscle Tissue
1. Moves body parts by contraction of fibers
2. Three Types of Cells
a) Skeletal Muscle (striated, voluntary)
b) Smooth (involuntary)
c) Cardiac (heart)
Striated/voluntary muscle
(skeletal muscle)
Cardiac muscle (with intercalated
discs)
Smooth/involuntary muscle (intestinal walls)
I. Body Tissues
D.
Nerve Tissue
1. Found in brain, spinal
cord, and peripheral
nerves.
2. Neuron
a) Nerve cell
b) Transmits impulses to
other cells.
3. Neuroglial Cells
a) Support and bind
neurons.
b) Carry on
phagocytosis.
Nerve cell illustration
Nerve cell slide image
II. Body Cavities
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Cranial Cavity- encases
brain
Spinal Cavity- surrounds
spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity- encloses
heart, esophagus, lungs,
trachea, bronchii
Abdominal Cavity
(abdominopelvic)encloses digestive,
reproductive, and
excretory organs
Diaphragm- muscle that
separates the thoracic
and abdominal cavities
III. Organ Systems
A. Skeletal System
1. Bones, cartilage,
tendons, ligaments
2. Functions
a) Support
b) Protective shields
c) Attachments for
muscles
d) Produces blood cells
e) Stores inorganic
salts.
III. Organ Systems
B.
Muscular System
1. Skeletal, cardiac, &
smooth muscle
2. Moves body parts
3. Produces body heat
4. Moves blood
III. Organ Systems
C.
Integumentary System
1. Skin, hair, nails, sweat
glands, sebaceous
glands (oil)
2. Protects underlying
tissue
3. Regulates body
temperature
4. Houses sensory
receptors
5. Synthesizes various
substances.
III. Organ Systems
D. Cardiovascular System
1. Heart, blood vessels,
blood
2. Transports oxygen,
carbon dioxide, nutrients,
hormones, wastes.
III. Organ Systems
E. Respiratory System
1. Nasal cavity,
pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchi,
lungs.
2. Carries air in and
out of the body
3. Exchanges oxygen
and carbon dioxide
between air and
blood.
III. Organ Systems
F. Immune System
1. Lymphatic
vessels, lymph
nodes, thymus,
spleen, white
blood cells.
2. Transports lymph
from tissue to
blood
3. Aids in defending
against disease.
III. Organ Systems
G.Digestive System
1. Mouth, salivary
glands, pharynx,
esophagus, stomach,
liver, gallbladder,
pancreas, small
intestine, large
intestine.
2. Stores and digests
food
3. Converts food into
forms that can pass
through membranes
4. Eliminates materials
not absorbed
III. Organ Systems
H. Excretory System
1. Kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra,
skin, lungs
2. Filters waste
from the blood
3. Helps maintain
water and
electrolyte
balance
III. Organ Systems
I. Nervous System
1. Brain, spinal cord,
nerves, sense organs
2. Receives impulses
from sensory parts
3. Interprets impulses
4. Acts on impulses by
stimulating muscles
or glands to respond.
III. Organ Systems
J. Endocrine System
1. Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, thymus
glands, pancreas, ovaries, testes.
2. Glands that secrete hormones which help regulate
metabolism.
III. Organ Systems
K. Reproductive System
1. Male system
a) Testes, seminiferous tubules, epididymis, vas deferens.
b) Produce and maintain sperm
2. Female system
a) ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, mammary glands.
b) Produce and maintain ova and milk
IV. Regulation and Homeostasis
A.
B.
C.
Body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in the
organism
Skeletal system can donate calcium ions for muscle
contraction
Kidneys regulate electrolytes and water balance in blood
IV. Regulation and Homeostasis
D.
E.
F.
Cardiovascular and respiratory systems regulate body’s pH
Integumentary system and cardiovascular system regulate
body temperature
Integumentary, endocrine, and immune system work to
protect the body from infection
TENDONS
LIGAMENTS
CARTILAGE