Transcript 11_1_2-respiratory_system

The Respiratory System
Function of the Respiratory
System
The respiratory system includes tubes that
remove particles from (filter) incoming air
and transport air into and out of the lungs.
Respiration is-The entire process of gas exchange
between atmosphere and body cells
Events1. Movement of air in and out of lungs
(breathing or ventilation)
2. Gas exchange between blood and air in
lungs by diffusion (external respiration)
3. Gas transport between lungs and body
cells
4. Gas exchange between blood and body
cells (internal respiration)
Respiration
Lungs remove the oxygen from the air (21%
of air is oxygen) and exchange it for
carbon dioxide (waste product of cells)
Organs of Respiratory System:
Divided into two groups (or tracts)
1. Upper respiratory includes nose, nasal
cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
2. Lower respiratory includes larynx,
trachea, bronchial tree and lungs
Nose and Nasal Cavity
• Function of nose is to provide entrance from
nostrils to nasal cavity where internal hairs begin to
filter air
• Its primary function is to conduct air to the pharynx,
where mucous lining filters and moistens air. This
mucous entraps dust and other small particles that
enter with air.
• As cilia move, push mucous with dust toward
pharynx, where it is swallowed and digested by
stomach
Paranasal sinuses and pharynx
• Function to reduce weight of skull and
resonant chambers that affect quality o
voice
• Functions as a passageway for food
traveling from oral cavity to esophagus
and for air passing between nasal cavity
and larynx. It also helps to produce
sounds of speech
Larynx and trachea
• Function of larynx is to conduct air in and
out of trachea, prevent foreign objects from
entering trachea. Also houses the vocal
cords.
• Trachea-filters incoming air, moves
entrapped particles upward into the
pharynx where mucous can be swallowed.
• Within the trachea are 20 ‘C’-shaped
pieces of cartilage that prevent it from
collapsing and blocking the airway
Bronchial tree and lungs-• Bronchial tree consists of branched
airways from trachea to microscopic air
sacs in lungs. Begins with primary bronchi,
branch into finer tubes called bronchioles.
• Bronchioles continue to divide into thin
tubes called alveolar ducts, which contain
small clustered microscopic sacs called
alveoli.
Lungs
• The right lung is larger than the left lung and
is divided into 3 lobes. The left has 2 lobes
• Each lobe has connections to blood and
lymphatic vessels. Lung includes air
passages, alveoli, blood vessles, connective
tissue, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
Inspiration and expiration
• Inspiration occurs when pressure inside
alveoli decreases and atmospheric
pressure is greater
• Expiration is the result of elastic recoil of
tissues and surface tension within alveoli
(diaphragm does not control breathing)
• The amount of air that enters or leaves the
lungs is called the tidal volume
Medical terms of the respiratory
system1. Cancer (lung)- originates from epithelial
cells, caused by foreign substances in
lungs
2. Emphysema-degenerative disease
affecting alveolar walls, therefore it
affects breathing
3. Pneumothorax-entrance of air into space
between pleural (lung lining)
membranes=lung collapse
Medical terms of respiratory system
cont.
4. Laryngitis-horseness or loss of voice,
mucous membrane becomes inflamed, can
cause obstruction of airway
5. Bronchoscopy- procedure used to directly
examine the trachea and bronchial tree
6. Tracheotomy-incision in trachea for
removal of foreign object
7. Hyperventilation-prolonged, rapid, deep
breathing
8. Bronchitis-inflammation of bronchial lining