Transcript Second semester final study guide-ppt review

1. What is Heredity?
• The passing of traits (physical
characteristics) from parents to
offspring.
2. What percentage or
fraction does each parent
contribute of the total
number of chromosomes in
an offspring?
• 50% 1/2
3. What are alleles?
• Different forms of the same
gene.
4. How do dominant and
recessive alleles work
together?
• Dominant alleles cancel out
recessive alleles.
5 How are the sex cells
formed during meiosis
different from the parent
cells?
• They only have half the number of
the original chromosomes from
the parent.
6. What is an
organism’s phenotype?
• Its physical characteristics/
basically what it looks like.
7. Give the correct
definition of mutation.
• Any change in a gene or
chromosome.
7b. When is a mutation harmful?
• When it decreases an organisms
chance to survive
8. What is DNA and what
rod- shaped structure is
DNA found on?
• DNA is the genetic material
found in cells and is found on
the chromosomes.
• 9. Cross TT and tt
• TT=dad tt=mom
T
T
t
Tt
Tt
t
Tt
Tt
9a. T (Tall is
dominant)
9b. The
genotype of all
offspring are
Tt
10. Punnett square for Tt
and Tt.
Tt = Mom
T
t
T
TT
Tt
t
Tt
tt
Tt = Dad
10b. 75% are Tall
11. Explain how the finches Darwin
observed on the Galapagos were
different and how this adaptation
helped them.
• Each island had finches with
unique beaks adapted to their
environment.
12. What is evolution?
• The gradual change in a species
over time.
13. What is an
adaptation?
• Small changes or traits that helps
an organism survive and
reproduce in its environment.
• For example, a bird that has to
crack shells has the adaption of a
large powerful beak, yet a bird
that has to reach into holes in
bark has the adaption of a skinny
beak.
14. What are
variations?
• Differences between individuals
of the same species
15. What is Natural
Selection?
• Natural selection is the process
by which animals who are better
adapted to the environment are
more likely to survive and
reproduce.
16. Describe the two
factors that can cause
species to be diverse.
• Genetic variation
• Different environments
17. Describe the four factors
some scientist use to support
the theory of evolution.
•
•
•
•
•
Similar body structures,
patterns of early development
fossils
Similar DNA
18. What are fossils?
• The preserved remains or
traces of an animal that lived in
the past
19. What is a ligament?
A ligament is a band of tissue
that connects bones to bones.
20. Name the 5 functions
of the skeletal system.
•
•
•
•
•
Support
Protects internal organs
Makes blood
Stores minerals
Allows movement
21. Name the 5 types of
joints and state which one
provides the greatest
range of motion
•Hinge
•Ball and socket – greatest range
of motion
•Gliding
•Immovable
•pivot
22. Where do you find
ball and socket joints.
• Hips and shoulders
D. Ball and Socket Joint
Ball like surface of
bone 1 fits into
cuplike depression
of bone 2
• Found in hip,
shoulder
• Greatest range of
motion
23. Where do you find
hinge joints in your body?
•
•
•
•
Elbow
Knee
Fingers
Toes
E. Hinge Joint
Convex surface of
bone 1 fits into
concave surface
of bone 2
Movement is in
one plane
Examples : elbow,
knee, fingers,
toes
21. Describe the 5 types of joints found in the
body.
A. Immovable Joint
No movement
B. Gliding Joint
Examples:
wrist,
ankles,
vertebrae
C.
Pivot Joint
Pivot joint
Rotation of the head on the
spine
24. Which type of tissue
can contract or shorten?
• Muscle tissue
25. Describe the most important
function vital to all cells that happens
in the capillaries.
Oxygen and food to
pass into cells
and CO2 and
waste are
removed
26. State all the parts of
the circulatory system
•Heart
•Blood vessels-arteries, capillaries, and veins
•Blood
27. Explain the purpose of
valves in the heart and in
the veins.
•They keep blood from flowing
backwards.
28. What body system
generates blood
pressure and
contractions of the
heart.
• Circulatory System
29. What is the function
of platelets?
• To help clot the blood.
30. What is the main
function of white blood
cells?
• To fight disease, viruses and
bacteria.
31. What happens to
your pulse rate if your
heart starts beating
faster?
• Your pulse beats faster also.
32. Define arteries and
state which one is the
largest.
• Arteries carry blood away from
the heart.
• The aorta is the largest artery.
33. Where is pollen produced and what
does it contain?
Pollen is produced by the
anther and contains the
sperm.
34. What is Pollination?
• Pollination is the process by which
pollen gets from the male anther to the
female pistil.
• Pollination is complete when a pollen
grain, carried by air or an animal, lands
on the sticky tip of the pistil called the
stigma.
35. Name all the parts
of a flower that are
responsible for
reproduction.• Stamen• Pistil-Stigma,
Style and
ovary
Anther and
filament
• Pollen
36. Where are the eggs
produced?
• Eggs are produced in the ovules inside
the ovary.
`
37.
2. Pistil –
Female Part
B. Anther
1. StamenMale part
A. Filament
C. Stigma
D. Style
1C Pollen
E. Ovary
4. Petal
F.
Sepal
38. Where in the flower
does fertilization take
place?
• In the ovules inside the ovary.
39 Put the path of sound through the
ear in order. Eardrum, ear canal,
pinna, hammer, stirrup, anvil,
cochlea, auditory nerve
• Pinna, ear canal, eardrum, hammer,
anvil, stirrup, cochlea, auditory nerve,
brain
40. What structure is at
the end of the ear
canal?
• The eardrum
41. Match the part of
the ear with its function.
• Outer Ear-Captures sound
• Middle Ear-Amplifies sound
• Inner Ear- Changes sound to
electrical messages to send to
the brain
42. What structure in
the middle ear pushes
on the cochlea and
creates waves
• The Stirrup
43. What are the male and
female sex cells called?
• Sperm and egg
44. What is the purpose of
the placenta?
• A tissue attached to the uterus
that links the developing
embryo to the mother.
• It is where food, oxygen,
carbon dioxide and waste are
exchanged.
45. Describe the umbilical
cord and three of its
functions?
• A ropelike structure that
connects the baby and the
mother through the placenta
that
• Carries food to the fetus
• Carries oxygen to the fetus
• Carries waste away from the
fetus
16b. What is a
homologous structure?
• A homologous structure is a
similar body structure believed
to be inherited from a common
ancestor.