Transcript Circulatory System

The Cardiovascular
System
• The circulatory system is made
up of the heart, blood, and blood
vessels
• It allows blood to flow to all
parts of the body.
• It delivers nutrients and
essential materials to cells and
removes waste products.
• The heart acts as two pumps:
– the right pushes blood into the lungs where
oxygen is picked
– the left pushes blood to the arteries where it
is delivered to the rest of the body.
The Closed Circulatory System
•Humans have a closed circulatory system,
–typical of all vertebrates
–blood is confined to vessels and is distinct from
the other fluids.
–The heart pumps blood into large vessels
that branch into smaller ones leading into the
organs.
–Materials are exchanged by diffusion between
the blood and the interstitial fluid bathing the
cells.
The Cardiovascular System
•Three Major Elements – Heart, Blood Vessels,
& Blood
1. The Heart- cardiac muscle tissue
–highly interconnected cells
–four chambers
•Right atrium
•Right ventricle
•Left atrium
•Left ventricle
Heart
• Heart:
–Hollow, pump-like organ for
blood circulation
– composed mainly of cardiac
tissue
– located in the chest between
the lungs
– Contains four chambers.
Atrium
ATRIUM:
The two upper chambers on
each side of the heart
receive blood from the veins
and force it into the
ventricles.
Ventricle
VENTRICLE:
The two lower chambers on
each side of the heart
receive blood from the
atrium and force it into the
arteries.
Aorta
AORTA:
The large artery that carries
blood from the left ventricle of
the heart to the rest of the body.
Valves
VALVES:
A membrane that prevents the
backward flow of blood.
Septum
SEPTUM:
A thin wall/membrane that
separates the chambers of the
heart.
•Blood flows in ONE
direction through the
heart.
•Superior Vena Cava
•Right Atrium
•Tricuspid Valve
•Right Ventricle
•Pulmonary Valve
•Pulmonary artery
•Lungs
•Pulmonary Vein
•Left atrium
•Bicuspid or Mitral Valve
•Left Ventricle
•Aortic Valve
•Aorta
•To the bodies organs & cells
Pathway of the blood
Circuits
•Pulmonary circuit
–The blood pathway between the
right side of the heart, to the lungs,
and back to the left side of the
heart.
•Systemic circuit
–The pathway between the left and
right sides of the heart.
• Blood Vessels -A network of
tubes where gas exchange takes
place.
–Works with the Respiratory
System
–VeinsVenules move blood
towards the heart
•One way valves
Arteries
• Arteriesarterioles– a blood vessel that transports
blood from the heart to any part
of the body.
–Artery=AWAY
Capillaries
• Capillaries:
–A network of vessels
–one cell thick
–located throughout the body for
the exchange of oxygen, waste
products, and carbon dioxide
between blood and tissue cells.
• BLOOD:
–transports digested food and
oxygen to cells
– formed in the bone marrow.
– carries carbon dioxide and
other waste products away
from cells to be excreted from
the body.
Blood
• A fluid
• circulates in the vascular
system
• Made up of plasma and three
types of cells suspended in
the plasma.
The Blood
Plasma-Liquid
portion of the
blood. Contains
clotting factors,
hormones,
antibodies,
dissolved gases,
nutrients and
waste.
The Blood
Erythrocytes - Red Blood
Cells (RBC)
–carry hemoglobin and
oxygen to the cells of the
body.
–live about 120 days.
–Cannot repair
themselves.
The Blood
Leukocytes – White Blood cells
(WBC)
–Fight infection and are formed
in the bone marrow
–Five types – neutrophils,
lymphocytes, eosinophils,
basophils, and monocytes.
The Blood
Thrombocytes – Platelets
–They clot blood by sticking
together – by protein fibers
called fibrin.
–http://www.pennhealth.com/health_info/anima
tionplayer/clotting.html
The Blood
•Hemoglobin
–pigment of red blood
cells
–carries oxygen to the
tissues:
Blood types
• Blood comes in four different
types: A,B,AB, and O. Let’s
learn about them.
• http://www.givelife2.org/ab
outblood/bloodtypes.asp
• Type O:
– known as a universal donor.
– they don’t have any proteins on the surface
of their cell.
• Type A
– has both A and B
– they can receive blood from either A or B.
– known as a universal recipient.
Blood types
• When a person loses a lot of blood, they
can only receive that same type of blood
as their own or the universal blood type
O.
• Mixing can cause the blood to clump
together. The clumped cells may form
blood clots, which block the vessels
causing death to occur.
The Blood
• Antigen -A substance that when
introduced into the body
stimulates the production of an
antibody.
• toxins, bacteria, foreign blood
cells, and the cells of
transplanted organs.
antibodies
Antibodies: Proteins in
the blood that are
produced by the body in
response to specific
antigens (such as
bacteria).
Blood types
• Different blood types have
different chemicals on their
RBC’s surfaces and different
chemicals (antibodies) in
their plasma.
antibiotic
•Antibiotic: Proteins
that fight off invading
substances or
pathogens.
• When your body fights off a
pathogen it helps body
develop immunity.
• The cells makes a copy of how
to fight the pathogen and
keeps it stored in the DNA for
future use, in case that
pathogen shows up again.
immunity
•The protection of the body
from a disease caused by
an infectious agent, such
as a bacterium or virus.
Immunity may be natural
(that is, inherited) or
acquired.
Lymphatic System
•As blood flows through your
cardiovascular system, fluid leaks out
of the capillaries and mixes with the
fluid that baths your cells. Most of
the fluid is reabsorbed by the
capillaries, but some is not. To deal
with this the body collects the excess
fluid and returns it to your blood.
Lymphatic system
• The lymphatic system helps
your body fight pathogens
and returns fluid to the
blood.
•Has a doctor ever felt
around your neck when
you were sick. He was
feeling your lymph
nodes. Lymph nodes
may become enlarged
when they are actively
fighting infection.
•Lymph Nodes:
–Small, rounded structures
along the small vessels of the
lymphatic system.
–produce disease-fighting white
blood cells and filter out
harmful microorganisms and
toxins from the lymph.
Disorders of the Circulatory System
• Anemia - lack of iron in the blood, low RBC count
• Leukemia - white blood cells proliferate wildly,
causing anemia
• Hemophilia - bleeder’s disease, due to lack of
fibrinogen in thrombocytes
• Heart Murmur - abnormal heart beat, caused by valve
problems
• Heart attack - blood vessels around the heart become
blocked with plaque, also called myocardial infarction