Transcript 9.3 PPT - NATURAL FLUID SYSTEMS

9.3 Natural Fluid Systems
• Many natural systems are based on fluids and pressures
 Weather systems are created and influenced by
barometric pressure, measure with a barometer.
 Air pressure is measured in kilopascals (kPa)
or atmospheres (atm)
See pages 334 - 335
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Natural Fluid Systems
 Humans are affected by air pressures (breathing)
and fluid pressures (the circulatory and
respiratory systems)
 Water, and water balance, is vital for life
 The human body is 66% water, and
loses 2.1 L of water daily
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The Circulatory System
• The circulatory system is one of the most
complex hydraulic systems we know
 The heart is the pump, and blood vessels are
specialized pipes
 Blood pressure refers to how hard blood
pushes against the walls of your body’s
blood vessels
See page 336
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The Circulatory System
Nerve cells in the arteries monitor blood pressure
• Your pulse is these waves of pressure
• Normal resting heart rate is 60 - 100 beats per
minute
• Blood pressure is measured with a
sphygmomanometer which measures two
different pressures
 Eg. Blood pressure = 120/75 mm Hg = two
pressures
 120 = heart pumping, and
 75 = heart relaxing and filling with blood
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Disorders of Blood Circulation
• Blood pressure is a part of normal check-ups, as it is
an indicator of overall health
 Like in all hydraulic
systems, roughness inside
of pipes decreases the
hydraulic system’s
effectiveness
 Fatty deposits build up
in arteries to slow blood
flow
 Smoking and obesity also
See page 337
increase blood pressure
www.nhlbi.nih.gov
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
The Respiratory System
• Breathing is partly based on air pressure
changes
 Air (and all fluids) normally move from high
to low pressure
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See page 338
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The Respiratory System
 Inhaling expands the rib cage, increasing volume
and decreasing pressure
 The diaphragm and rib muscles expand your
lungs
 Air from outside, which has oxygen in it, enters
the low pressure in the lungs
 Exhaling is the diaphragm and rib
muscles pushing inwards, increasing
pressure in the lungs so air leaves
 As the air leaves, it takes
unwanted carbon dioxide
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007
Disorders of Breathing
• Breathing is affected by narrowed passageways,
especially swelling from infections and allergies
 Smoke, polluted air, coal dust and asbestos are also harmful
 Asthma is a respiratory disease that narrows the
passageways for air entering and leaving the lungs
 Asthma can be triggered by smoke and pollutants,
exercise, stress and dust
 An inhaler is used to deliver tiny droplets of medicine to the
lungs to help passageways open
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
See page 339
Take the Section 9.3 Quiz
(c) McGraw Hill Ryerson 2007